Psychology Exam 4 – Introductory Psychology (PSY 101) –
Comprehensive Lecture Notes and Practice Questions
1. Personality - Correct Answer -A pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions,
and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world.
2. Psychodynamic Perspective - Correct Answer -Views of personality as primarily
unconsciously and as developing in stages. Most psychoanalytic perspectives
emphasize that early experiences with parents play a role in sculpting personality.
3. Id - Correct Answer -The Freudian structure of personality that consists of
unconscious drives and is the individual's reservoir of psychic energy.
4. Ego - Correct Answer -The Freudian structure of personality that deals with the
demands of reality.
5. Superego - Correct Answer -The Freudian structure of personality that harshly judges
the morality of our behavior.
6. Defense Mechanisms - Correct Answer -The ego's protective methods for reducing
anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.
7. Repression - Correct Answer -The master defense mechanism; the ego pushes
unacceptable impulses out of awareness, back into the unconscious mind.
8. Rationalization - Correct Answer -The ego replaces a less acceptable motive with a
more acceptable one.
9. Displacement - Correct Answer -The ego shifts feelings toward an unacceptable
object to another, more acceptable object.
10. Sublimation - Correct Answer -The ego replaces an unacceptable impulse with a
socially acceptable one.
11. Projection - Correct Answer -The ego attributes personal shortcomings, problems,
and faults to others.
12. Reaction Formation - Correct Answer -The ego transforms an unacceptable motive
into its opposite.
13. Denial - Correct Answer -The ego refuses to acknowledge anxiety-producing realities.
14. Regression - Correct Answer -The ego seeks the security of an earlier developmental
period in the face of stress.
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, 15. Oedipus complex - Correct Answer -In Freud's theory, a young boy's intense desire to
replace his father and enjoy the affections of his mother.
16. Collective Unconscious - Correct Answer -Jung's term for the impersonal, deepest
layer of the unconscious mind, shared by all human beings because of their common
ancestral past.
17. Archetypes - Correct Answer -The name Jung gave to the emotionally laden ideas and
images that have rich and symbolic meaning for all people.
18. Human Perspectives - Correct Answer -Views of personality that stress the person's
capacity for personal growth, freedom to choose a destiny, and positive qualities.
19. Self-Concept - Correct Answer -A central theme in Roger's and other humanists'
views; refers to individuals' overall perceptions and assessments of their abilities,
behavior, and personalities.
20. Unconditional Positive Regard - Correct Answer -Roger's term for accepting, valuing,
and being positive toward another person regardless of the person's behavior.
21. Trait - Correct Answer -An enduring personality characteristic that tends to lead to
certain behaviors.
22. Trait Theories - Correct Answer -Theories stating that personality consists of broad,
enduring dispositions (traits) that tend to lead to characteristic responses.
23. Big Five Factors of Personality - Correct Answer -The "super traits" that are thought
to describe the main dimensions of personality - specifically, neuroticism (emotional
instability), extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and
conscientiousness.
24. Projective Test - Correct Answer -Personality assessment tool that presents
individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and then asks them to describe it or tell a
story about it.
25. Rorschach Inkblot Test - Correct Answer -A widely used projective test that uses an
individual's perception of inkblots to determine his or her personality.
26. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - Correct Answer -The most
widely used and researched empirically keyed self-report personality test.
27. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) - Correct Answer -A projective test designed to
elicit stories that reveal something about an individual's personality.
28. Psychotherapy - Correct Answer -The nonmedical process used by mental health
professionals to help individuals recognize and overcome their problems.
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Comprehensive Lecture Notes and Practice Questions
1. Personality - Correct Answer -A pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions,
and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world.
2. Psychodynamic Perspective - Correct Answer -Views of personality as primarily
unconsciously and as developing in stages. Most psychoanalytic perspectives
emphasize that early experiences with parents play a role in sculpting personality.
3. Id - Correct Answer -The Freudian structure of personality that consists of
unconscious drives and is the individual's reservoir of psychic energy.
4. Ego - Correct Answer -The Freudian structure of personality that deals with the
demands of reality.
5. Superego - Correct Answer -The Freudian structure of personality that harshly judges
the morality of our behavior.
6. Defense Mechanisms - Correct Answer -The ego's protective methods for reducing
anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.
7. Repression - Correct Answer -The master defense mechanism; the ego pushes
unacceptable impulses out of awareness, back into the unconscious mind.
8. Rationalization - Correct Answer -The ego replaces a less acceptable motive with a
more acceptable one.
9. Displacement - Correct Answer -The ego shifts feelings toward an unacceptable
object to another, more acceptable object.
10. Sublimation - Correct Answer -The ego replaces an unacceptable impulse with a
socially acceptable one.
11. Projection - Correct Answer -The ego attributes personal shortcomings, problems,
and faults to others.
12. Reaction Formation - Correct Answer -The ego transforms an unacceptable motive
into its opposite.
13. Denial - Correct Answer -The ego refuses to acknowledge anxiety-producing realities.
14. Regression - Correct Answer -The ego seeks the security of an earlier developmental
period in the face of stress.
1
, 15. Oedipus complex - Correct Answer -In Freud's theory, a young boy's intense desire to
replace his father and enjoy the affections of his mother.
16. Collective Unconscious - Correct Answer -Jung's term for the impersonal, deepest
layer of the unconscious mind, shared by all human beings because of their common
ancestral past.
17. Archetypes - Correct Answer -The name Jung gave to the emotionally laden ideas and
images that have rich and symbolic meaning for all people.
18. Human Perspectives - Correct Answer -Views of personality that stress the person's
capacity for personal growth, freedom to choose a destiny, and positive qualities.
19. Self-Concept - Correct Answer -A central theme in Roger's and other humanists'
views; refers to individuals' overall perceptions and assessments of their abilities,
behavior, and personalities.
20. Unconditional Positive Regard - Correct Answer -Roger's term for accepting, valuing,
and being positive toward another person regardless of the person's behavior.
21. Trait - Correct Answer -An enduring personality characteristic that tends to lead to
certain behaviors.
22. Trait Theories - Correct Answer -Theories stating that personality consists of broad,
enduring dispositions (traits) that tend to lead to characteristic responses.
23. Big Five Factors of Personality - Correct Answer -The "super traits" that are thought
to describe the main dimensions of personality - specifically, neuroticism (emotional
instability), extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and
conscientiousness.
24. Projective Test - Correct Answer -Personality assessment tool that presents
individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and then asks them to describe it or tell a
story about it.
25. Rorschach Inkblot Test - Correct Answer -A widely used projective test that uses an
individual's perception of inkblots to determine his or her personality.
26. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - Correct Answer -The most
widely used and researched empirically keyed self-report personality test.
27. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) - Correct Answer -A projective test designed to
elicit stories that reveal something about an individual's personality.
28. Psychotherapy - Correct Answer -The nonmedical process used by mental health
professionals to help individuals recognize and overcome their problems.
2
