Psychology Exam 3 – Introductory Psychology (PSY 101) –
Comprehensive Lecture Notes and Practice Questions
What are the 5 levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? What is the highest level? - Correct
Answer -Physiological needs
Safety needs
Belongingness and love needs
Esteem needs
Self-actualization (Highest)
Does each level of Maslow's hierarchy have to fully be satisfied before one is motivated by
the next level? - Correct Answer -They have to be satisfied on a particular level
What does the term "person perception" refer to? - Correct Answer -Mental processes we
use to form judgements and draw conclusions about characteristics of other people
What are the four key principles that guide perception which are discussed in the textbook?
- Correct Answer -1) your reactions to others are determine by your perceptions of them,
not by who they are
2) Your self-perception also influences how you perceive others and how you act on your
perceptions
3) Your goals in a particular situation determine the amount and kinds of information you
collect about others
4) In every situation, you evaluate people parks in terms of how you expect them to act
within that particular context
What is "social categorization"? - Correct Answer -The mental process of classifying people
into groups in the basis of common characteristics
What is the difference between explicit and implicit cognition? - Correct Answer -Explicit-
conscious mental processes involved in perceptions, judgments, decisions, and reasoning
Implicit- the mental processes associated with automatic, no conscious social evaluations
What is the "fundamental attribution error"? - Correct Answer -The tendency to
spontaneously attribute the behavior of others to internal, personal characteristics, while
ignoring the role of external factors.
What is "hindsight bias"? - Correct Answer -The tendency after an event has occurred to
overestimate one’s ability to have predicted the outcome
What is "actor-observer bias"? - Correct Answer -The tendency to attribute our own
behavior to external, situational characteristics, while ignoring the effects of internal
personal factors
1
, How does "blaming the victim" attribute error and "just-world hypothesis" relate to each
other? - Correct Answer -They help us psychologically insulate us from the uncomfortable
thought "it could have been me"
What is "self-serving bias"? What are some examples? - Correct Answer -The tendency to
attribute successful outcomes of one’s own behavior to internal causes and unsuccessful
outcomes to external causes
(Congratulating themselves after doing well on a test)
What is "cognitive dissonance"? - Correct Answer -An unpleasant state of psychological
tension or arousal that occurs when two thoughts are inconsistent
What does "BMI" refer to? - Correct Answer -A numerical scale indicating adult height in
relation to weight
What is the difference between emotion & mood? - Correct Answer -Emotion- a complex
psychological state that involves a subjective experience, psychological response, and
behavior or expressive response
Mood- milder emotional state that is more general and persuasive
What are the six universally recognized "basic" emotions? - Correct Answer -Fear
Surprise
Anger
Disgust
Happiness
Sadness
What is "Emotional Intelligence"? - Correct Answer -To understand and manage your own
emotional experiences and to comprehend and respond appropriately to the emotional
responses of others
How do people with high vs low "emotional intelligence" differ? - Correct Answer -High-
they are able to understand and use their emotions
Low- they experience one failure in life after another
How does "James-Lange Theory of Emotion" see the relationship between emotions a
person experiences and the psychological body changes that occur? What comes first? -
Correct Answer -1) recognizes a threatening situation
2) Reacts by feeling fearful
3) Activates your sympathetic nervous system
4) Triggers fearful behavior
What is the difference between "intrinsic" motivation and "extrinsic" motivation? - Correct
Answer -Intrinsic- desire to engage in tasks that are inherently satisfying and enjoyable or
optimally challenging
Extrinsic- external influences on behavior such as rewards, consequences, or social
expectations
2
Comprehensive Lecture Notes and Practice Questions
What are the 5 levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? What is the highest level? - Correct
Answer -Physiological needs
Safety needs
Belongingness and love needs
Esteem needs
Self-actualization (Highest)
Does each level of Maslow's hierarchy have to fully be satisfied before one is motivated by
the next level? - Correct Answer -They have to be satisfied on a particular level
What does the term "person perception" refer to? - Correct Answer -Mental processes we
use to form judgements and draw conclusions about characteristics of other people
What are the four key principles that guide perception which are discussed in the textbook?
- Correct Answer -1) your reactions to others are determine by your perceptions of them,
not by who they are
2) Your self-perception also influences how you perceive others and how you act on your
perceptions
3) Your goals in a particular situation determine the amount and kinds of information you
collect about others
4) In every situation, you evaluate people parks in terms of how you expect them to act
within that particular context
What is "social categorization"? - Correct Answer -The mental process of classifying people
into groups in the basis of common characteristics
What is the difference between explicit and implicit cognition? - Correct Answer -Explicit-
conscious mental processes involved in perceptions, judgments, decisions, and reasoning
Implicit- the mental processes associated with automatic, no conscious social evaluations
What is the "fundamental attribution error"? - Correct Answer -The tendency to
spontaneously attribute the behavior of others to internal, personal characteristics, while
ignoring the role of external factors.
What is "hindsight bias"? - Correct Answer -The tendency after an event has occurred to
overestimate one’s ability to have predicted the outcome
What is "actor-observer bias"? - Correct Answer -The tendency to attribute our own
behavior to external, situational characteristics, while ignoring the effects of internal
personal factors
1
, How does "blaming the victim" attribute error and "just-world hypothesis" relate to each
other? - Correct Answer -They help us psychologically insulate us from the uncomfortable
thought "it could have been me"
What is "self-serving bias"? What are some examples? - Correct Answer -The tendency to
attribute successful outcomes of one’s own behavior to internal causes and unsuccessful
outcomes to external causes
(Congratulating themselves after doing well on a test)
What is "cognitive dissonance"? - Correct Answer -An unpleasant state of psychological
tension or arousal that occurs when two thoughts are inconsistent
What does "BMI" refer to? - Correct Answer -A numerical scale indicating adult height in
relation to weight
What is the difference between emotion & mood? - Correct Answer -Emotion- a complex
psychological state that involves a subjective experience, psychological response, and
behavior or expressive response
Mood- milder emotional state that is more general and persuasive
What are the six universally recognized "basic" emotions? - Correct Answer -Fear
Surprise
Anger
Disgust
Happiness
Sadness
What is "Emotional Intelligence"? - Correct Answer -To understand and manage your own
emotional experiences and to comprehend and respond appropriately to the emotional
responses of others
How do people with high vs low "emotional intelligence" differ? - Correct Answer -High-
they are able to understand and use their emotions
Low- they experience one failure in life after another
How does "James-Lange Theory of Emotion" see the relationship between emotions a
person experiences and the psychological body changes that occur? What comes first? -
Correct Answer -1) recognizes a threatening situation
2) Reacts by feeling fearful
3) Activates your sympathetic nervous system
4) Triggers fearful behavior
What is the difference between "intrinsic" motivation and "extrinsic" motivation? - Correct
Answer -Intrinsic- desire to engage in tasks that are inherently satisfying and enjoyable or
optimally challenging
Extrinsic- external influences on behavior such as rewards, consequences, or social
expectations
2
