HSCI 130 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
what are the social determinants of health? - answers - conditions in which people are
born, grow, live, work and age which are shaped by the distribution of money, power
and resources at global, national and local levels, mostly responsible for health
inequities
Summarize the major determinants of population health. - answers - 50%- life (job,
income, education, etc)
25%- health care (access, wait times, etc)
15%- biology (genetics)
10%- environment (air quality, etc)
Discuss the four key ideas of determinants of health mentioned in the lalonde report. -
answers - a) human biology: genetic predisposition
B) lifestyle: personal health practices such as smoking and exercising
C) environment: social environment: age structure, gender structure, employment and
Working conditions, physical environment: what we drink, the air we breathe and our
exposure to pollution and the built environment
D) health care: access to physician and hospital care
Draw a diagram showing the determinants of population health. - answers - ----------
According to antonovsky's model of health, what are determinants of ill health and good
health? Draw a diagram to distinguish between pathogenesis and salutogenesis. -
answers - it is easier to measure the indicators of ill health than indicators of good
health
Indicators of ill health include morbidity and mortality rates
Differentiate between personal and structural determinants of health; and how are they
are connected? - answers - personal determinants; evident at the individual
Level, includes genetic makeup, beliefs, attitudes, and personal health practices
Structural determinants; evident at the societal level, includes aspects of the
Social and economic environment: income distribution, rates of unemployment, etc.)
They interact with eachother to determine health
Differentiate between horizontal and vertical structures of the structural determinants of
health. - answers - horizontal structures are the more immediate factors that shape
health and well-being. E.g. Family environment, the nature of work and workplace
conditions, and quality of housing
• vertical structures are more distant, macro-level factors that indirectly influence health
and well-being. E.g. Political, and economic policies regarding social welfare or taxation
, Differentiate between proximal (downstream) and distal (upstream) factors. - answers -
upstream; policy and programs like schools and governments or social inequities like
class, race gender, etc.
Downstream; disease and injury, mortality
Differentiate between primary and secondary health determinants; and how are they are
connected? - answers - primary determinants are made up of socioeconomic factors
such as household income, education level, and employment status
Secondary determinants, such as daily behavioural practices (e.g., smoking) and our
psychosocial factors that shape health and well-being.
Primary determinants have a direct effect on secondary determinants
E.g. Lost job/low income>stressful life>smoking
**write comments on the relationship between occupational gradient / socioeconomic
status / social hierarchy and health. Provide specific examples to support your answer. -
answers - where you stand in the social hierarchy is intimately related to your chances
of getting ill and your length of life.
Ex. Being poor and working two jobs earning less than $35k a year affects your health
and most likely will lead to a shorter life
How does social exclusion affect health? - answers - being socially excluded leads to
being marginalized and lead to unequal access to social, cultural, political and economic
resource and have adverse health effects.
Critically assess the link between income inequality and population health. Which
groups are at risk of social exclusion? - answers - being poor leads to social exclusion,
being marginalized, which has a negative impact on health and wellness.
Groups at risk for social exclusion include women, new immigrants, racial minorities,
and first nations people.
What are the two conceptual models that account for the ways in which stressful work
conditions affect health. - answers - 1. The demand-control model
2. The effort-reward imbalance model
Demand-control model - answers - two factors are prominent in producing job stress:
job demands and individual control
Explain the demand control model - answers - high demand + high control/support =
active
Examples: physician, teacher, engineer, ceo
Low demand + low control = passive
• examples: security guard
Low demand + high control = low strain
• examples: scientist, repairman
High demand + low control = high strain
• examples: serving staff, nurses aid
what are the social determinants of health? - answers - conditions in which people are
born, grow, live, work and age which are shaped by the distribution of money, power
and resources at global, national and local levels, mostly responsible for health
inequities
Summarize the major determinants of population health. - answers - 50%- life (job,
income, education, etc)
25%- health care (access, wait times, etc)
15%- biology (genetics)
10%- environment (air quality, etc)
Discuss the four key ideas of determinants of health mentioned in the lalonde report. -
answers - a) human biology: genetic predisposition
B) lifestyle: personal health practices such as smoking and exercising
C) environment: social environment: age structure, gender structure, employment and
Working conditions, physical environment: what we drink, the air we breathe and our
exposure to pollution and the built environment
D) health care: access to physician and hospital care
Draw a diagram showing the determinants of population health. - answers - ----------
According to antonovsky's model of health, what are determinants of ill health and good
health? Draw a diagram to distinguish between pathogenesis and salutogenesis. -
answers - it is easier to measure the indicators of ill health than indicators of good
health
Indicators of ill health include morbidity and mortality rates
Differentiate between personal and structural determinants of health; and how are they
are connected? - answers - personal determinants; evident at the individual
Level, includes genetic makeup, beliefs, attitudes, and personal health practices
Structural determinants; evident at the societal level, includes aspects of the
Social and economic environment: income distribution, rates of unemployment, etc.)
They interact with eachother to determine health
Differentiate between horizontal and vertical structures of the structural determinants of
health. - answers - horizontal structures are the more immediate factors that shape
health and well-being. E.g. Family environment, the nature of work and workplace
conditions, and quality of housing
• vertical structures are more distant, macro-level factors that indirectly influence health
and well-being. E.g. Political, and economic policies regarding social welfare or taxation
, Differentiate between proximal (downstream) and distal (upstream) factors. - answers -
upstream; policy and programs like schools and governments or social inequities like
class, race gender, etc.
Downstream; disease and injury, mortality
Differentiate between primary and secondary health determinants; and how are they are
connected? - answers - primary determinants are made up of socioeconomic factors
such as household income, education level, and employment status
Secondary determinants, such as daily behavioural practices (e.g., smoking) and our
psychosocial factors that shape health and well-being.
Primary determinants have a direct effect on secondary determinants
E.g. Lost job/low income>stressful life>smoking
**write comments on the relationship between occupational gradient / socioeconomic
status / social hierarchy and health. Provide specific examples to support your answer. -
answers - where you stand in the social hierarchy is intimately related to your chances
of getting ill and your length of life.
Ex. Being poor and working two jobs earning less than $35k a year affects your health
and most likely will lead to a shorter life
How does social exclusion affect health? - answers - being socially excluded leads to
being marginalized and lead to unequal access to social, cultural, political and economic
resource and have adverse health effects.
Critically assess the link between income inequality and population health. Which
groups are at risk of social exclusion? - answers - being poor leads to social exclusion,
being marginalized, which has a negative impact on health and wellness.
Groups at risk for social exclusion include women, new immigrants, racial minorities,
and first nations people.
What are the two conceptual models that account for the ways in which stressful work
conditions affect health. - answers - 1. The demand-control model
2. The effort-reward imbalance model
Demand-control model - answers - two factors are prominent in producing job stress:
job demands and individual control
Explain the demand control model - answers - high demand + high control/support =
active
Examples: physician, teacher, engineer, ceo
Low demand + low control = passive
• examples: security guard
Low demand + high control = low strain
• examples: scientist, repairman
High demand + low control = high strain
• examples: serving staff, nurses aid
