Test Bank for Sociology in Our Times: The
Essentials, 13th Edition
According to Max Weber, __________ is the ability of a person within a social relationship to
carry out his or her own will despite resistance from others. - answer-Power
The theory that history is a continuous clash between conflicting ideas and forces was
developed by: - answer-Karl Marx
The United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the countries of Western Europe
are examples of __________ countries. - answer-High-Income
_____ is a term used by many people to specify groups of people distinguished by physical
characteristics. - answer-Race
Karl Marx coined the phrase the "fetishism of commodities" to describe the situation wherein
workers: - answer-Fail to recognize that their labor gives the commodity its value.
French philosopher __________ is credited with having coined the term sociology to describe a
new science that would engage in the study of society. - answer-Auguste Comte
Although the women of that day were categorically excluded from much of public life in France,
some women strongly influenced the philosophes and their thinking through their participation
in the _____—an open house held to stimulate discussion and intellectual debate. - answer-
Salon
In describing the law of the three stages, Auguste Comte believed that knowledge moved to the
_____ stage, where explanations were based on abstract philosophical speculations, and the
1
,state becomes the prominent social unit. - answer-Metaphysical
Emphasis on the individual's possession of critical reasoning and experience is associated with
the origins of sociological thinking and with the _____. - answer-Age of Enlightenment
Which sociologist won a Nobel Prize for her/his work with the underprivileged? - answer-Jane
Addams
In describing the law of the three stages, Auguste Comte believed that knowledge would reach
the _____ stage, where explanations were based on systematic observation, experimentation,
comparison, and historical analysis; and industry became the prominent structural unit in
society. - answer-Scientific
Becky proposes that, in a hospital setting, individuals will act differently toward each other if
one person in the setting has a stethoscope on his/her neck. This is because the stethoscope is
a: - answer-Symbol used to define a relationship between individuals.
The world's __________ countries are primarily agrarian nations with little industrialization and
low levels of national and personal income. - answer-Low-Income
Many of the nations of Africa and Asia, particularly India and the People's Republic of China
where people typically work the land, are examples of __________ countries. - answer-Low-
Income
According to Robert K. Merton, __________ are the undesirable consequences of any element
of a society. - answer-Dysfunctions
__________ and sociology have mutual interests such as consumerism and debt. - answer-
Economics
2
,Sociology is defined as the: - answer-Systematic study of human society and social interaction.
According to Karl Marx's ideas, he believed that class conflict is necessary in order to produce
social change and a better society. Specifically, which of the following social forces was most
important to create social change? - answer-Economic
The _____approach directs attention to women's experiences and the importance of gender as
an element of social structure. - answer-Feminist
Chicago School sociologist __________ is credited with the founding of Hull House, one of the
most famous settlement houses in an impoverished area of Chicago. - answer-Jane Addams
A note left at the scene of a suicide expressed the victim's concern that he felt little sense of
moral guidance. He indicated that he was uncertain about what was right or wrong in today's
world. Using Emile Durkheim's theory, sociologists might conclude that the suicide victim was
feeling: - answer-Anomie
Robert works on the assembly line at the local automobile factory and trades his labor for
wages. Robert is a __________ because he does not own the factory. - answer-Proletariat
A __________ is anything that meaningfully represents something else. Examples include signs,
gestures, written language, and shared values. - answer-Symbol
The ___________ of credit cards means that if the cardholder is current on paying bills and the
merchant accepts that kind of card, the cardholder will not be turned down on a purchase. -
answer-Predictability
Which technique would be used by researchers in studying the treatment of gender in
3
, elementary reader books? - answer-Content Analysis
What is one of the main steps that is different between a conventional research design and a
qualitative research design? - answer-In a qualitative research design, the researcher begins
with a general approach rather than a highly detailed plan
The first step in qualitative research involves the researcher: - answer-Beginning with a general
approach rather than a highly detailed plan.
Which approach to the theory-and-research cycle does the following sequence reflect: (1)
specific observations suggest generalizations, (2) generalizations produce a tentative theory, (3)
the theory is tested through the formation of hypotheses, and (4) hypotheses may provide
suggestions for additional observations? - answer-Inductive
In a(n) __________ study of suicide, sociologists might ask: Why do African American men over
age sixty-five have a significantly lower suicide rate than white males in the same age bracket? -
answer-Explanatory
__________ studies are based on observations that take place at a single point in time; these
studies focus on behavior or responses at a specific moment. - answer-Cross-sectional
As a researcher collecting and analyzing data, you would be engaging in _____ sampling if you
included such factors as age, sex, race, ethnicity, and educational attainment in deciding what
population will be observed or questioned. - answer-Probability
A researcher would like to compare suicide rates between recent immigrants and more
established immigrants using a quantitative research approach. Which research model would
correspond to this? - answer-Conventional Research Model
Because of particular strengths and weaknesses of all research approaches, researchers often
4
Essentials, 13th Edition
According to Max Weber, __________ is the ability of a person within a social relationship to
carry out his or her own will despite resistance from others. - answer-Power
The theory that history is a continuous clash between conflicting ideas and forces was
developed by: - answer-Karl Marx
The United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and the countries of Western Europe
are examples of __________ countries. - answer-High-Income
_____ is a term used by many people to specify groups of people distinguished by physical
characteristics. - answer-Race
Karl Marx coined the phrase the "fetishism of commodities" to describe the situation wherein
workers: - answer-Fail to recognize that their labor gives the commodity its value.
French philosopher __________ is credited with having coined the term sociology to describe a
new science that would engage in the study of society. - answer-Auguste Comte
Although the women of that day were categorically excluded from much of public life in France,
some women strongly influenced the philosophes and their thinking through their participation
in the _____—an open house held to stimulate discussion and intellectual debate. - answer-
Salon
In describing the law of the three stages, Auguste Comte believed that knowledge moved to the
_____ stage, where explanations were based on abstract philosophical speculations, and the
1
,state becomes the prominent social unit. - answer-Metaphysical
Emphasis on the individual's possession of critical reasoning and experience is associated with
the origins of sociological thinking and with the _____. - answer-Age of Enlightenment
Which sociologist won a Nobel Prize for her/his work with the underprivileged? - answer-Jane
Addams
In describing the law of the three stages, Auguste Comte believed that knowledge would reach
the _____ stage, where explanations were based on systematic observation, experimentation,
comparison, and historical analysis; and industry became the prominent structural unit in
society. - answer-Scientific
Becky proposes that, in a hospital setting, individuals will act differently toward each other if
one person in the setting has a stethoscope on his/her neck. This is because the stethoscope is
a: - answer-Symbol used to define a relationship between individuals.
The world's __________ countries are primarily agrarian nations with little industrialization and
low levels of national and personal income. - answer-Low-Income
Many of the nations of Africa and Asia, particularly India and the People's Republic of China
where people typically work the land, are examples of __________ countries. - answer-Low-
Income
According to Robert K. Merton, __________ are the undesirable consequences of any element
of a society. - answer-Dysfunctions
__________ and sociology have mutual interests such as consumerism and debt. - answer-
Economics
2
,Sociology is defined as the: - answer-Systematic study of human society and social interaction.
According to Karl Marx's ideas, he believed that class conflict is necessary in order to produce
social change and a better society. Specifically, which of the following social forces was most
important to create social change? - answer-Economic
The _____approach directs attention to women's experiences and the importance of gender as
an element of social structure. - answer-Feminist
Chicago School sociologist __________ is credited with the founding of Hull House, one of the
most famous settlement houses in an impoverished area of Chicago. - answer-Jane Addams
A note left at the scene of a suicide expressed the victim's concern that he felt little sense of
moral guidance. He indicated that he was uncertain about what was right or wrong in today's
world. Using Emile Durkheim's theory, sociologists might conclude that the suicide victim was
feeling: - answer-Anomie
Robert works on the assembly line at the local automobile factory and trades his labor for
wages. Robert is a __________ because he does not own the factory. - answer-Proletariat
A __________ is anything that meaningfully represents something else. Examples include signs,
gestures, written language, and shared values. - answer-Symbol
The ___________ of credit cards means that if the cardholder is current on paying bills and the
merchant accepts that kind of card, the cardholder will not be turned down on a purchase. -
answer-Predictability
Which technique would be used by researchers in studying the treatment of gender in
3
, elementary reader books? - answer-Content Analysis
What is one of the main steps that is different between a conventional research design and a
qualitative research design? - answer-In a qualitative research design, the researcher begins
with a general approach rather than a highly detailed plan
The first step in qualitative research involves the researcher: - answer-Beginning with a general
approach rather than a highly detailed plan.
Which approach to the theory-and-research cycle does the following sequence reflect: (1)
specific observations suggest generalizations, (2) generalizations produce a tentative theory, (3)
the theory is tested through the formation of hypotheses, and (4) hypotheses may provide
suggestions for additional observations? - answer-Inductive
In a(n) __________ study of suicide, sociologists might ask: Why do African American men over
age sixty-five have a significantly lower suicide rate than white males in the same age bracket? -
answer-Explanatory
__________ studies are based on observations that take place at a single point in time; these
studies focus on behavior or responses at a specific moment. - answer-Cross-sectional
As a researcher collecting and analyzing data, you would be engaging in _____ sampling if you
included such factors as age, sex, race, ethnicity, and educational attainment in deciding what
population will be observed or questioned. - answer-Probability
A researcher would like to compare suicide rates between recent immigrants and more
established immigrants using a quantitative research approach. Which research model would
correspond to this? - answer-Conventional Research Model
Because of particular strengths and weaknesses of all research approaches, researchers often
4
