NSE 222: WEEKS 4-6 EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
What does phenomenology as a method in research focus on? - ANS - Focuses on
understanding human experience or lived experience of people
- Ask: What is the lived experience of a phenomenon or what meaning do people assign to their
experience?
Includes
- Use to explore new topics or to gain deeper or new insight about a phenomenon
- Commonly used in nursing and healthcare explore the practice or illness issues
What is the purpose of phenomenological research? - ANS - Seeks to make sense of
people's experience and transforms these experiences of a phenomenon into consciousness
and describing its individual and shared meaning.
- how the phenomenon is perceived, felt, judged, and remembered , made sense of, and spoken
about
- Use in-depth interviews to capture experiences people about a phenomenon
What are the values of phenomenology? - ANS - Process of learning and constructing
meaning of human experience
- Critique of positivist assumptions about human experience
- Study life world or lived experience
- Acknowledges intersubjectivity of lived experience
1
,- Bracketing of preconceive ideas (common in descriptive type)
What are the types of phenomenological methods? - ANS Descriptive,
Heideggerian/interpretive, hermeneutics
What is descriptive phenomenology? - ANS •Based Edmond Husserl's philosophy
•Focuses on providing rich and detail description of the lived world
What is Heideggerian/interpretive phenomenology? - ANS •Based on Martin Heidegger
philosophy
•Move from description towards understanding and searching for relationship and meaning
What is hermeneutics? - ANS •Focuses on interpreting a phenomenon or meaning
making
- Hermeneutics: theoretical framework for understanding or interpreting meaning of human
phenomenon
Assumptions
- Interpretation is derived from history, culture, and purpose of the text
- Uses qualitative methods to establish context and meaning of what people do
- Reality is constructed based on interpretation of data and is co-created with participants
- Acknowledges interpretation and analysis is shaped social processes
What is the history of descriptive phenomenology? - ANS Founding father of
phenomenology
•A phenomenon could be captured within consciousness and be described in a pure form
•Descriptive phenomenology involve careful description of ordinary conscious experience of
everyday life as people experience them
2
, •E.g. hearing, seeing, believing, feeling, remembering, deciding
-Bracketing/Phenomenological reduction: identifying and holding in abeyance preconceived
beliefs and opinions about the phenomenon under study
What are the steps involved in bracketing? - ANS •Intuiting: remain open to the meanings
attributed to the phenomenon by those who have experienced it
•Analyzing: extracting significant statements, categorizing, and making sense of the essential
meanings of the phenomenon and reporting themes
•Describing: occurs when the researcher comes to understand and define the phenomenon
What is reflexivity in bracketing? - ANS •Reflexivity: bracketing is achieved through
reflexive journaling of one's preconceptions
How is interpretive phenomenology explained by Heidegger? - ANS •Emphasis is on
interpretation of phenomena
•Interpret human experience through personal or preconceptions to enhance understanding of
key meanings
•Use preconceptions productively to see what is missing or different
•no bracketing (why?)
•Understanding of individuals cannot occur in isolation of their culture, social context, or
historical period in which they live
What does a Hermeneutic circle involve? - ANS - Interpretation is not a linear process
- A back-and-forth (iterative) movement between the whole and the part
- Understanding enhance through interactive process
3
AND ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
What does phenomenology as a method in research focus on? - ANS - Focuses on
understanding human experience or lived experience of people
- Ask: What is the lived experience of a phenomenon or what meaning do people assign to their
experience?
Includes
- Use to explore new topics or to gain deeper or new insight about a phenomenon
- Commonly used in nursing and healthcare explore the practice or illness issues
What is the purpose of phenomenological research? - ANS - Seeks to make sense of
people's experience and transforms these experiences of a phenomenon into consciousness
and describing its individual and shared meaning.
- how the phenomenon is perceived, felt, judged, and remembered , made sense of, and spoken
about
- Use in-depth interviews to capture experiences people about a phenomenon
What are the values of phenomenology? - ANS - Process of learning and constructing
meaning of human experience
- Critique of positivist assumptions about human experience
- Study life world or lived experience
- Acknowledges intersubjectivity of lived experience
1
,- Bracketing of preconceive ideas (common in descriptive type)
What are the types of phenomenological methods? - ANS Descriptive,
Heideggerian/interpretive, hermeneutics
What is descriptive phenomenology? - ANS •Based Edmond Husserl's philosophy
•Focuses on providing rich and detail description of the lived world
What is Heideggerian/interpretive phenomenology? - ANS •Based on Martin Heidegger
philosophy
•Move from description towards understanding and searching for relationship and meaning
What is hermeneutics? - ANS •Focuses on interpreting a phenomenon or meaning
making
- Hermeneutics: theoretical framework for understanding or interpreting meaning of human
phenomenon
Assumptions
- Interpretation is derived from history, culture, and purpose of the text
- Uses qualitative methods to establish context and meaning of what people do
- Reality is constructed based on interpretation of data and is co-created with participants
- Acknowledges interpretation and analysis is shaped social processes
What is the history of descriptive phenomenology? - ANS Founding father of
phenomenology
•A phenomenon could be captured within consciousness and be described in a pure form
•Descriptive phenomenology involve careful description of ordinary conscious experience of
everyday life as people experience them
2
, •E.g. hearing, seeing, believing, feeling, remembering, deciding
-Bracketing/Phenomenological reduction: identifying and holding in abeyance preconceived
beliefs and opinions about the phenomenon under study
What are the steps involved in bracketing? - ANS •Intuiting: remain open to the meanings
attributed to the phenomenon by those who have experienced it
•Analyzing: extracting significant statements, categorizing, and making sense of the essential
meanings of the phenomenon and reporting themes
•Describing: occurs when the researcher comes to understand and define the phenomenon
What is reflexivity in bracketing? - ANS •Reflexivity: bracketing is achieved through
reflexive journaling of one's preconceptions
How is interpretive phenomenology explained by Heidegger? - ANS •Emphasis is on
interpretation of phenomena
•Interpret human experience through personal or preconceptions to enhance understanding of
key meanings
•Use preconceptions productively to see what is missing or different
•no bracketing (why?)
•Understanding of individuals cannot occur in isolation of their culture, social context, or
historical period in which they live
What does a Hermeneutic circle involve? - ANS - Interpretation is not a linear process
- A back-and-forth (iterative) movement between the whole and the part
- Understanding enhance through interactive process
3
