ESRI CERTIFICATION; ARCGIS PRO ASSOCIATE 2101
FINAL TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
● Datum. Answer: - Provides a frame of reference for finding locations - Based on a spheroid
● Minor Axis. Answer: - The shorter axis of the ellipse - North to South
● Shape of the Earth (Ellipsoid). Answer: Oblate Ellipsoid - because it rotates on the minor
axis
● Prolate Ellipsoid. Answer: If the Earth rotated about its major (longer; West/East) axis
● Ellipsoid. Answer: a model of the rounded shape of earth (bulging at the equator)
● Measuring Ellipsoids. Answer: Measured by semi-axes (half of an axis) - Semimajor and
Semiminor axes
● Spheroid. Answer: An ellipsoid that approximates a sphere - More descriptive, and used by
Esri - Spheroid projections: WGS84, WGS72
● The two definitions for a spheroid. Answer: 1. An ellipsoid that approximates the shape of a
sphere (Used by this course) 2. An ellipsoid created by rotating an ellipse about either its
major axis (prolate ellipsoid) or its minor axis (oblate ellipsoid)
● Most common spheroid projection in North America. Answer: Current: GRS80 (Currently
replacing the former) Former: Clark 1866
● Authalic Sphere. Answer: A sphere with the same surface area as the spheroid (to make
calculations easier)
● Choosing a spheroid model. Answer: - Smaller than 1:5,000,000: Can use an authalic
sphere - Larger than 1:5,000,000: May need to choose a spheroid
● How to find info (such as the map projection). Answer: Right-click layer, properties, source
● How do you get to the swipe function?. Answer: 1) Click on the layer 2) On the ribbon (top
area with tabs), click the feature layer contextual tab 3) Under "Compare", click "Swipe"
, ● How do you measure in ArcGIS Pro?. Answer: 1) Open the ribbon map tab 2) Under
"Inquiry", click "Measure"
● Who formalized the system of what we today call Latitude and Longitude?. Answer:
Hipparchus
● What is another name for Latitude and Longitude?. Answer: Parallels and Meridians (based
on 360 degrees)
● What is the Equivalent to 360 Degrees (in terms of Lat and Long)?. Answer: - Each degree
is divided into 60 min - Each min is divided into 60 sec
● Lines of Latitude. Answer: - Parallel - Run East and West - Measure the distances from
north or south of the Equator - THE SIDEWAYS LINES
● Lines of Longitude. Answer: - Run North and South - Intersect at the poles - Measure
distances to the east and west of the Prime Meridian - THE LINES GOING UP-AND-DOWN
● The Graticule. Answer: The network of intersecting lines of lat and long
● Great Circle. Answer: Lines of Latitude - A circle that divides the earth into two equal halves
- the EQUATOR
● How are degrees of latitude measured?. Answer: 0 degrees to 90 degrees North AND 0
degrees to 90 degrees South
● Longitude/Meridians equivalent of a Great Circle. Answer: These converge at the poles, so
every meridian is half of a circle (half of a Great Circle)_
● Prime Meridian. Answer: - 0 degrees to 180 degrees East AND 0 degrees to 180 degrees
West of the Prime Meridian - Being the same size, one meridian over the other is arbitrary -
Official Prime Meridian = Observatory of Greenwich in Great Britan
● International Date Line. Answer: The 180-degrees meridian
● Latitude/Longitude Pairs. Answer: - North-South (Latitude) is typically first (y-value) -
East-West (Longitude) is typically second (x-value) Ex: 0 Degrees North (equator) 78 Degrees
West (prime meridian)
● How are lat/long values usually stored?. Answer: - Degrees/Minutes/Seconds (DMS; In this
course) - DD (Decimal Degrees)
FINAL TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
● Datum. Answer: - Provides a frame of reference for finding locations - Based on a spheroid
● Minor Axis. Answer: - The shorter axis of the ellipse - North to South
● Shape of the Earth (Ellipsoid). Answer: Oblate Ellipsoid - because it rotates on the minor
axis
● Prolate Ellipsoid. Answer: If the Earth rotated about its major (longer; West/East) axis
● Ellipsoid. Answer: a model of the rounded shape of earth (bulging at the equator)
● Measuring Ellipsoids. Answer: Measured by semi-axes (half of an axis) - Semimajor and
Semiminor axes
● Spheroid. Answer: An ellipsoid that approximates a sphere - More descriptive, and used by
Esri - Spheroid projections: WGS84, WGS72
● The two definitions for a spheroid. Answer: 1. An ellipsoid that approximates the shape of a
sphere (Used by this course) 2. An ellipsoid created by rotating an ellipse about either its
major axis (prolate ellipsoid) or its minor axis (oblate ellipsoid)
● Most common spheroid projection in North America. Answer: Current: GRS80 (Currently
replacing the former) Former: Clark 1866
● Authalic Sphere. Answer: A sphere with the same surface area as the spheroid (to make
calculations easier)
● Choosing a spheroid model. Answer: - Smaller than 1:5,000,000: Can use an authalic
sphere - Larger than 1:5,000,000: May need to choose a spheroid
● How to find info (such as the map projection). Answer: Right-click layer, properties, source
● How do you get to the swipe function?. Answer: 1) Click on the layer 2) On the ribbon (top
area with tabs), click the feature layer contextual tab 3) Under "Compare", click "Swipe"
, ● How do you measure in ArcGIS Pro?. Answer: 1) Open the ribbon map tab 2) Under
"Inquiry", click "Measure"
● Who formalized the system of what we today call Latitude and Longitude?. Answer:
Hipparchus
● What is another name for Latitude and Longitude?. Answer: Parallels and Meridians (based
on 360 degrees)
● What is the Equivalent to 360 Degrees (in terms of Lat and Long)?. Answer: - Each degree
is divided into 60 min - Each min is divided into 60 sec
● Lines of Latitude. Answer: - Parallel - Run East and West - Measure the distances from
north or south of the Equator - THE SIDEWAYS LINES
● Lines of Longitude. Answer: - Run North and South - Intersect at the poles - Measure
distances to the east and west of the Prime Meridian - THE LINES GOING UP-AND-DOWN
● The Graticule. Answer: The network of intersecting lines of lat and long
● Great Circle. Answer: Lines of Latitude - A circle that divides the earth into two equal halves
- the EQUATOR
● How are degrees of latitude measured?. Answer: 0 degrees to 90 degrees North AND 0
degrees to 90 degrees South
● Longitude/Meridians equivalent of a Great Circle. Answer: These converge at the poles, so
every meridian is half of a circle (half of a Great Circle)_
● Prime Meridian. Answer: - 0 degrees to 180 degrees East AND 0 degrees to 180 degrees
West of the Prime Meridian - Being the same size, one meridian over the other is arbitrary -
Official Prime Meridian = Observatory of Greenwich in Great Britan
● International Date Line. Answer: The 180-degrees meridian
● Latitude/Longitude Pairs. Answer: - North-South (Latitude) is typically first (y-value) -
East-West (Longitude) is typically second (x-value) Ex: 0 Degrees North (equator) 78 Degrees
West (prime meridian)
● How are lat/long values usually stored?. Answer: - Degrees/Minutes/Seconds (DMS; In this
course) - DD (Decimal Degrees)
