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A level biolog cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal system summary

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This well-structured musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory systems mind map simplifies complex concepts into one clear and accessible visual, making it ideal for efficient revision. It covers key topics such as breathing control at rest and during exercise, the role of the medulla oblongata and chemoreceptors, and how changes in CO₂ and pH regulate ventilation. It also breaks down complex processes like muscle contraction and the coordination of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, while including essential formulas such as ventilation rate. Designed to help students connect concepts quickly and confidently, this resource is perfect for exam preparation.

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7b- muscles, movement
and the heart




Breathing control & rest

-
CO2 level T : detested
by chemoreceptors in Medulla Oblongata ·· Send electrical

ventilation
impulses by sensory neurons to center in Medulla : act
by
breath in
impulse on intercostal muscles +
diaphragm : contract +



Branchi dilate , chemical
Breathing Stretch
signals
-
out receptors send to
vol taken in or out
per min
so inspiratory center : inhibit expiratory senter. : Greathe out) diaphragm
Ventilation = tidal volume x
freququency at inspiration + intersostal
raze , win
ventilation 1dm3 (min"( relax/

cam3min-1)
Breathing during excercise

LA falls detested chemoreseptors
CO2 + levels inc : ph by in


medilla carotid and acitic bodies , chemoreceptors send
+
impulses
Medulla
to veny . Center in
by sensory neurons ,


sausing parasympathetic US to ast : intercostal Muscle



2 +in. reserves
fast inc depth After
contract >
-



strong to
breathing + rate


frequency of
signals in SA node decrease .: Ventilation rate decreases

- intercostal muscles and rids relax .

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Uploaded on
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Number of pages
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Written in
2025/2026
Type
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