EPALS UPDATED TEST BANK 2026 FULL
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⁕ Secondary cardiopulmonary arrest. Answer: Hypoxia and underlying illness
⁕ How does hypoxia lead to arrest. Answer: Tissue hypoxia > myocardial dysfunction >
bradycardia > asysole/PEA
⁕ Anatomical differences with an infant. Answer: Narrower, smaller airways
More prone to oedema
Pliable
Pronounced occiput
Large tongue
⁕ Main determinant of co2 removal. Answer: Minute ventilation
⁕ Minute ventilation equation. Answer: Tidal volume x respiratory rate
⁕ Circulating volume of a newborn. Answer: 80ml/kg
⁕ Resp rate range <1. Answer: 30-40/min
⁕ Resp range 1-2. Answer: 26-34/min
⁕ Resp range 2-5. Answer: 24-30/min
⁕ Resp range 5-12. Answer: 20-24/min
, ⁕ Resp range >12. Answer: 12-20/min
⁕ HR Newborn - 3 months. Answer: 85-205
⁕ HR 3 months - 2 year. Answer: 100-180
⁕ HR 2-10 years. Answer: 60-140
⁕ HR >10 years. Answer: 60-100
⁕ WETFLAG. Answer: Weight (age+4)*2
Energy 4J/kg
Tube age/4 + 4
Fluids 10ml/kg for bolus
Lorazepam 0.1ml/kg
Adrenaline 0.1ml/kg 1:10,000 Amioderone 5mg/kg
Glucose 10% 2ml/kg
⁕ Primary prevention. Answer: Preventing accident
⁕ Secondary prevention. Answer: Preventing severity of accident i.e. helmet
⁕ Tertiary prevention. Answer: Diminishing consequences of accident - e.g. developing major
trauma centres
⁕ Respiratory failure definition. Answer: Failure for the respiratory system to maintain PaO2
>9 kpa with 21% inspired oxygen AND/OR PaCO2 <6.5 kpa
⁕ Aim saturations at. Answer: 94-98% with as little supplemental oxygen as possible
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⁕ Secondary cardiopulmonary arrest. Answer: Hypoxia and underlying illness
⁕ How does hypoxia lead to arrest. Answer: Tissue hypoxia > myocardial dysfunction >
bradycardia > asysole/PEA
⁕ Anatomical differences with an infant. Answer: Narrower, smaller airways
More prone to oedema
Pliable
Pronounced occiput
Large tongue
⁕ Main determinant of co2 removal. Answer: Minute ventilation
⁕ Minute ventilation equation. Answer: Tidal volume x respiratory rate
⁕ Circulating volume of a newborn. Answer: 80ml/kg
⁕ Resp rate range <1. Answer: 30-40/min
⁕ Resp range 1-2. Answer: 26-34/min
⁕ Resp range 2-5. Answer: 24-30/min
⁕ Resp range 5-12. Answer: 20-24/min
, ⁕ Resp range >12. Answer: 12-20/min
⁕ HR Newborn - 3 months. Answer: 85-205
⁕ HR 3 months - 2 year. Answer: 100-180
⁕ HR 2-10 years. Answer: 60-140
⁕ HR >10 years. Answer: 60-100
⁕ WETFLAG. Answer: Weight (age+4)*2
Energy 4J/kg
Tube age/4 + 4
Fluids 10ml/kg for bolus
Lorazepam 0.1ml/kg
Adrenaline 0.1ml/kg 1:10,000 Amioderone 5mg/kg
Glucose 10% 2ml/kg
⁕ Primary prevention. Answer: Preventing accident
⁕ Secondary prevention. Answer: Preventing severity of accident i.e. helmet
⁕ Tertiary prevention. Answer: Diminishing consequences of accident - e.g. developing major
trauma centres
⁕ Respiratory failure definition. Answer: Failure for the respiratory system to maintain PaO2
>9 kpa with 21% inspired oxygen AND/OR PaCO2 <6.5 kpa
⁕ Aim saturations at. Answer: 94-98% with as little supplemental oxygen as possible
