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NR507 Advanced PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS graded A+ NEW UPDATED,
Exams of Nursing
Two categories of ophthalmopathy associated with Grave's Disease: - ...ANSWER.....Functional
Abnormalities: resulting from hyperactivity of the sympathetic division of the autonomic
nervous system (lag of the globe on upward gaze or a lag of the upper lid on downward gaze)
Infiltrative Changes: involving the orbital contents with enlargement of the ocular muscles.
These changes affect more than half of individuals with Grave's Disease. Increased secretion of
hyaluronic acid, adipogenesis, inflammation and edema of the orbital contents results in
exophthalmos (protrusion of the eyeball), periorbital edema and extraocular muscle weakness
leading to strabismus and diplopia (double vision)
Hyperparathyroidism - ...ANSWER.....Characterized by stimulation of parathyroid gland in
response to hypocalcemia
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Hypercalcemia - ...ANSWER.....Hypercalcemia & Hypophosphatemia may be asymptomatic or
affected individuals may present with symptoms related to the neuromuscular changes that
include paresthesias and muscle cramps
Patients with hypercalcemia can have low bone density that is most noted in the distal one-third
of the radius
Hypoparathyroidism - ...ANSWER.....Hypomagnesemia inhibits PTH secretion
Hypomagnesemia may be related to chronic alcoholism, malnutrition, malabsorption, increased
renal clearance of magnesium caused by the use of aminoglycoside antibiotics or certain
chemotherapeutic agents, or prolonged magnesium-deficient parenteral nutritional therapy
Hypocalcemia - ...ANSWER.....Symptoms:
Dry skin
Loss of body and scalp hair
Hypoplasia of developing teeth
Horizontal ridges on nails
Cataracts
Basal ganglia calcifications
Bone deformities
Bowing of the long bones
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Hypercortisolism - ...ANSWER.....Glucose intolerance associated with hypercortisolism
--Occurs because of cortisol-induced insulin resistance and increased gluconeogenesis and
glycogen storage by the liver
Cushing's syndrome characterized by patterns of fat deposition have been described as "truncal
obesity", "moon face" and "buffalo hump"
Adrenal Crisis- Hypocortisolism - ...ANSWER.....Onset of adrenal crisis is signified by
hypotension
Hypotension can progress to complete vascular collapse and shock. This is known as adrenal
crisis or addisonian crisis and develops with undiagnosed disease, acute withdrawal of
glucocorticoid therapy or the occurrence of infection or other comorbid stressful events
Primary Hypocortisolism- Adrenal Insufficiency - ...ANSWER.....Lab work that indicates
primary hypocortisolism:
--Serum and urine levels of cortisol are depressed with primary hypocortisolism, and ACTH
levels are increased
When prescribing cortisol, the NP should keep in mind:
--With acute stressors (infection, surgery, trauma), additional cortisol must be administered to
approximate the amount of cortisol that might be expected to be secreted if normal adrenal
function were present
NR507 Advanced PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS graded A+ NEW UPDATED,
Exams of Nursing
Two categories of ophthalmopathy associated with Grave's Disease: - ...ANSWER.....Functional
Abnormalities: resulting from hyperactivity of the sympathetic division of the autonomic
nervous system (lag of the globe on upward gaze or a lag of the upper lid on downward gaze)
Infiltrative Changes: involving the orbital contents with enlargement of the ocular muscles.
These changes affect more than half of individuals with Grave's Disease. Increased secretion of
hyaluronic acid, adipogenesis, inflammation and edema of the orbital contents results in
exophthalmos (protrusion of the eyeball), periorbital edema and extraocular muscle weakness
leading to strabismus and diplopia (double vision)
Hyperparathyroidism - ...ANSWER.....Characterized by stimulation of parathyroid gland in
response to hypocalcemia
,2|Page
Hypercalcemia - ...ANSWER.....Hypercalcemia & Hypophosphatemia may be asymptomatic or
affected individuals may present with symptoms related to the neuromuscular changes that
include paresthesias and muscle cramps
Patients with hypercalcemia can have low bone density that is most noted in the distal one-third
of the radius
Hypoparathyroidism - ...ANSWER.....Hypomagnesemia inhibits PTH secretion
Hypomagnesemia may be related to chronic alcoholism, malnutrition, malabsorption, increased
renal clearance of magnesium caused by the use of aminoglycoside antibiotics or certain
chemotherapeutic agents, or prolonged magnesium-deficient parenteral nutritional therapy
Hypocalcemia - ...ANSWER.....Symptoms:
Dry skin
Loss of body and scalp hair
Hypoplasia of developing teeth
Horizontal ridges on nails
Cataracts
Basal ganglia calcifications
Bone deformities
Bowing of the long bones
, 3|Page
Hypercortisolism - ...ANSWER.....Glucose intolerance associated with hypercortisolism
--Occurs because of cortisol-induced insulin resistance and increased gluconeogenesis and
glycogen storage by the liver
Cushing's syndrome characterized by patterns of fat deposition have been described as "truncal
obesity", "moon face" and "buffalo hump"
Adrenal Crisis- Hypocortisolism - ...ANSWER.....Onset of adrenal crisis is signified by
hypotension
Hypotension can progress to complete vascular collapse and shock. This is known as adrenal
crisis or addisonian crisis and develops with undiagnosed disease, acute withdrawal of
glucocorticoid therapy or the occurrence of infection or other comorbid stressful events
Primary Hypocortisolism- Adrenal Insufficiency - ...ANSWER.....Lab work that indicates
primary hypocortisolism:
--Serum and urine levels of cortisol are depressed with primary hypocortisolism, and ACTH
levels are increased
When prescribing cortisol, the NP should keep in mind:
--With acute stressors (infection, surgery, trauma), additional cortisol must be administered to
approximate the amount of cortisol that might be expected to be secreted if normal adrenal
function were present
