EMS 131 FINAL CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
● Trauma Assessment. Answer: Systematic evaluation of an injured patient
● Mechanism of Injury. Answer: The forces and events causing a patient's injuries
● Blunt Trauma. Answer: Injury from force without penetrating the skin
● Penetrating Trauma. Answer: Injury from object breaking through the skin
● Blast Injury. Answer: Injuries from pressure wave, fragments, and secondary effects of
explosion
● High-Energy Mechanism. Answer: Force likely to cause significant internal injury
● Low-Energy Mechanism. Answer: Force causing localized injury without significant
internal damage
● Index of Suspicion. Answer: Anticipating injuries based on mechanism and patient
presentation
● Spinal Motion Restriction. Answer: Limiting movement to protect potentially injured spine
● Selective Spinal Immobilization. Answer: Evidence-based criteria for when to immobilize
spine
● NEXUS Criteria. Answer: Guidelines for clearance of cervical spine without imaging
● Canadian C-Spine Rule. Answer: Clinical decision tool for cervical spine imaging
● Head Injury. Answer: Trauma to the skull and brain
● Concussion. Answer: Mild traumatic brain injury with temporary neurological symptoms
● Contusion. Answer: Bruising of brain tissue from impact
● Epidural Hematoma. Answer: Arterial bleed between skull and dura mater
● Subdural Hematoma. Answer: Venous bleed between dura mater and brain
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
● Trauma Assessment. Answer: Systematic evaluation of an injured patient
● Mechanism of Injury. Answer: The forces and events causing a patient's injuries
● Blunt Trauma. Answer: Injury from force without penetrating the skin
● Penetrating Trauma. Answer: Injury from object breaking through the skin
● Blast Injury. Answer: Injuries from pressure wave, fragments, and secondary effects of
explosion
● High-Energy Mechanism. Answer: Force likely to cause significant internal injury
● Low-Energy Mechanism. Answer: Force causing localized injury without significant
internal damage
● Index of Suspicion. Answer: Anticipating injuries based on mechanism and patient
presentation
● Spinal Motion Restriction. Answer: Limiting movement to protect potentially injured spine
● Selective Spinal Immobilization. Answer: Evidence-based criteria for when to immobilize
spine
● NEXUS Criteria. Answer: Guidelines for clearance of cervical spine without imaging
● Canadian C-Spine Rule. Answer: Clinical decision tool for cervical spine imaging
● Head Injury. Answer: Trauma to the skull and brain
● Concussion. Answer: Mild traumatic brain injury with temporary neurological symptoms
● Contusion. Answer: Bruising of brain tissue from impact
● Epidural Hematoma. Answer: Arterial bleed between skull and dura mater
● Subdural Hematoma. Answer: Venous bleed between dura mater and brain
