PSYCH 111 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
father of modern psychology - Answers - Wilhelm Wundt - made a campaign to make
psychology an independent discipline rather than a branch of philosophy or physiology
introspection - Answers - to examine contents of consciousness: observation of one's
mental processes (self-observation)
structuralism - Answers - task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic
elements and investigate how elements are related
(Edward Titchener)
functionalism - Answers - the belief that psychology should investigate function of
consciousness rather than structure
(William James)
-he also wanted to study stream of consciousness
Mary Whiton Calkins - Answers - -founded early psychology laboratory in college
-first woman president of APA
Margaret Floy Washburn - Answers - -first to earn PHD in psychology
-wrote The Animal Mind - emergence of behaviorism
Leta Stetter Hollingworth - Answers - -adolescent development
-women's inferiority to men
G. Stanley Hall - Answers - -childhood development and evolutionary theory
-first president of APA
Freud - Answers - -driven by unconscious: contains thoughts, memories and desires
that are below the surface of awareness but exert influence on behavior
-psychoanalytic theory attempts to explain personality, motivation, mental disorders by
focusing on unconscious
-believed aggression and sexual impulses were most prominent factors
methods of Freud to access unconscious - Answers - dreams and Freudian slips
-defense mechanisms are an unconscious way to deal with stress
-projection - to attribute own thoughts of feelings on some else
Carl Jung - Answers - -founded analytical psycholgy
-individuation: integrating conscious with unconscious while maintaining autonomy (he
thought individuation was a central process of human development)
, B.F. Skinner - Answers - "the most influential psychologist to date"
-behavioral psychologist who revolutionized operant conditioning (reward or
punishment)
-free will is an illusion
-behavior controlled by external stimuli
-nature vs nurture
behaviorists - Answers - -John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner
-effects of environment on observable behavior in humans and animals
-only observable events can be studied
psychoanalytic - Answers - -Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler
-unconscious determinants of behavior
-unconscious motives and experiences in childhood govern personality and mental
disorders
humanistic - Answers - -Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow
-unique aspects of human experience
-humans are free beings with potential for growth, they are fundamentally different from
animals
cognitive - Answers - -Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky, Herbert Simon
-thoughts, mental processes
-human behavior cannot be understood without examining how people acquire and
process information
biological - Answers - -James Olds, Roger Sperry, David Hubel, Torsten Wiesel
-physiological, genetic, neural bases of behavior in humans and animals
-organism's functioning can be explained in terms of brain structures and biochemical
processes that underlie behavior
evolutionary - Answers - -David Buss, Martin Daly, Margo Wilson, Leda Cosmoses,
John Tooby
-evolutionary bases of behavior in humans and animals
-behavior patterns have evolved to solve adaptive problems; natural selection favors
behavior that enhances reproductive success
most prominent views of psychology - Answers - psychoanalytic, behavioral, cognitive,
neuroscience
growth of APA membership - Answers - psychology is common major in college
common settings for psychologists to work in - Answers - private practice --> colleges --
> hospitals/clinics
developmental psychology - Answers - looks at human developmental across life span
father of modern psychology - Answers - Wilhelm Wundt - made a campaign to make
psychology an independent discipline rather than a branch of philosophy or physiology
introspection - Answers - to examine contents of consciousness: observation of one's
mental processes (self-observation)
structuralism - Answers - task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic
elements and investigate how elements are related
(Edward Titchener)
functionalism - Answers - the belief that psychology should investigate function of
consciousness rather than structure
(William James)
-he also wanted to study stream of consciousness
Mary Whiton Calkins - Answers - -founded early psychology laboratory in college
-first woman president of APA
Margaret Floy Washburn - Answers - -first to earn PHD in psychology
-wrote The Animal Mind - emergence of behaviorism
Leta Stetter Hollingworth - Answers - -adolescent development
-women's inferiority to men
G. Stanley Hall - Answers - -childhood development and evolutionary theory
-first president of APA
Freud - Answers - -driven by unconscious: contains thoughts, memories and desires
that are below the surface of awareness but exert influence on behavior
-psychoanalytic theory attempts to explain personality, motivation, mental disorders by
focusing on unconscious
-believed aggression and sexual impulses were most prominent factors
methods of Freud to access unconscious - Answers - dreams and Freudian slips
-defense mechanisms are an unconscious way to deal with stress
-projection - to attribute own thoughts of feelings on some else
Carl Jung - Answers - -founded analytical psycholgy
-individuation: integrating conscious with unconscious while maintaining autonomy (he
thought individuation was a central process of human development)
, B.F. Skinner - Answers - "the most influential psychologist to date"
-behavioral psychologist who revolutionized operant conditioning (reward or
punishment)
-free will is an illusion
-behavior controlled by external stimuli
-nature vs nurture
behaviorists - Answers - -John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner
-effects of environment on observable behavior in humans and animals
-only observable events can be studied
psychoanalytic - Answers - -Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler
-unconscious determinants of behavior
-unconscious motives and experiences in childhood govern personality and mental
disorders
humanistic - Answers - -Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow
-unique aspects of human experience
-humans are free beings with potential for growth, they are fundamentally different from
animals
cognitive - Answers - -Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky, Herbert Simon
-thoughts, mental processes
-human behavior cannot be understood without examining how people acquire and
process information
biological - Answers - -James Olds, Roger Sperry, David Hubel, Torsten Wiesel
-physiological, genetic, neural bases of behavior in humans and animals
-organism's functioning can be explained in terms of brain structures and biochemical
processes that underlie behavior
evolutionary - Answers - -David Buss, Martin Daly, Margo Wilson, Leda Cosmoses,
John Tooby
-evolutionary bases of behavior in humans and animals
-behavior patterns have evolved to solve adaptive problems; natural selection favors
behavior that enhances reproductive success
most prominent views of psychology - Answers - psychoanalytic, behavioral, cognitive,
neuroscience
growth of APA membership - Answers - psychology is common major in college
common settings for psychologists to work in - Answers - private practice --> colleges --
> hospitals/clinics
developmental psychology - Answers - looks at human developmental across life span
