HSS3101 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
ACCURATE ANSWERS
Research utilization (RU) - ANSWER The use of study findings in practical
application unrelated to original research
Evidence-based practice (EBP) - ANSWER Basing clinical decision on best
possible evidence especially high quality research
Why EBP? - ANSWER - Better outcomes
- Explosion of research / literature
- One study stated it could take 17 years to put research findings into practice
- Practice becomes outdated to patients detriment
- Placing babies on their back instead of belly
- Beta blockers following MI
Barriers to EBP - ANSWER - Lack of knowledge
- Misperceptions, or negative views
- Lack of belief that is improves outcomes
- Too much information in journals
- Lack of time and resources to search/appraise evidence
- Overwhelming patient loads
- Organizational constraints, lack of administrative support
- Demands from patients for a certain type of care
- Peer pressure to continue with old, or traditional practices
- Lack of instruction in educational programs
Research related barriers - ANSWER Design flaw
NO perfect study
Timely
Practice related barriers - ANSWER Practice largely based upon personal
experience
The best research studies come from clinicians
Organizational barriers - ANSWER Changes
Barriers related to health care professions - ANSWER Resources
Attitudes
A need to be willing and open
Strategies for clinicians to play a role in RU/EBP - ANSWER - Read widely and
critically
- Attend professional conferences
, - Learn to expect evidence that a procedure is effective
- Become involved in a journal club
- Pursue and participate in RU/EBP projects
What is Research? - ANSWER - Research is diligent, systematic inquiry or
investigation to validate and refine existing knowledge and generate new
- Research must address questions relevant to health care professions
Grow body of literature / body of knowledge related to the various professions
- What is relevant to "my" practice
- dynamic
How do we know what we "know" as health care professionals? How do we
acquire knowledge? - ANSWER - knowledge
- Traditions
- Authority
- Borrowing
- Trial and error
- Personal experience
- Role modelling and mentorship
- Intuition (instinct)
- Research
Quantitative Research - ANSWER - Research that collects data in numeric form
and emphasizes precise measurements of variables
- Often conducted in rigorously controlled studies
- Never aims to prove, but support
Formal, objective, systematic process where numerical data is used to obtain
info about the world
- (used to describe variables, examine relationships among variables, determine
cause and effect interactions between variables)
Qualitative Research: - ANSWER - Involves the collection of data in non-numeric
form (personal interviews, usually describing a phenomenon)
- A systematic, interactive, subjective process used to describe life
experiences/give them meaning
- (means to exploring the depth, richness, and complexity in phenomena)
- naturalist paradigm
Outcomes research - ANSWER - The use of rigorous scientific methods to
measure the effect of some intervention on some outcome(s)
- Focuses on the end results or patent care
- Policy makers, insures, consumers, public
Review of the literature: - ANSWER - Research should be built on work of others
- The "literature" is all written sources relevant to your topic
ACCURATE ANSWERS
Research utilization (RU) - ANSWER The use of study findings in practical
application unrelated to original research
Evidence-based practice (EBP) - ANSWER Basing clinical decision on best
possible evidence especially high quality research
Why EBP? - ANSWER - Better outcomes
- Explosion of research / literature
- One study stated it could take 17 years to put research findings into practice
- Practice becomes outdated to patients detriment
- Placing babies on their back instead of belly
- Beta blockers following MI
Barriers to EBP - ANSWER - Lack of knowledge
- Misperceptions, or negative views
- Lack of belief that is improves outcomes
- Too much information in journals
- Lack of time and resources to search/appraise evidence
- Overwhelming patient loads
- Organizational constraints, lack of administrative support
- Demands from patients for a certain type of care
- Peer pressure to continue with old, or traditional practices
- Lack of instruction in educational programs
Research related barriers - ANSWER Design flaw
NO perfect study
Timely
Practice related barriers - ANSWER Practice largely based upon personal
experience
The best research studies come from clinicians
Organizational barriers - ANSWER Changes
Barriers related to health care professions - ANSWER Resources
Attitudes
A need to be willing and open
Strategies for clinicians to play a role in RU/EBP - ANSWER - Read widely and
critically
- Attend professional conferences
, - Learn to expect evidence that a procedure is effective
- Become involved in a journal club
- Pursue and participate in RU/EBP projects
What is Research? - ANSWER - Research is diligent, systematic inquiry or
investigation to validate and refine existing knowledge and generate new
- Research must address questions relevant to health care professions
Grow body of literature / body of knowledge related to the various professions
- What is relevant to "my" practice
- dynamic
How do we know what we "know" as health care professionals? How do we
acquire knowledge? - ANSWER - knowledge
- Traditions
- Authority
- Borrowing
- Trial and error
- Personal experience
- Role modelling and mentorship
- Intuition (instinct)
- Research
Quantitative Research - ANSWER - Research that collects data in numeric form
and emphasizes precise measurements of variables
- Often conducted in rigorously controlled studies
- Never aims to prove, but support
Formal, objective, systematic process where numerical data is used to obtain
info about the world
- (used to describe variables, examine relationships among variables, determine
cause and effect interactions between variables)
Qualitative Research: - ANSWER - Involves the collection of data in non-numeric
form (personal interviews, usually describing a phenomenon)
- A systematic, interactive, subjective process used to describe life
experiences/give them meaning
- (means to exploring the depth, richness, and complexity in phenomena)
- naturalist paradigm
Outcomes research - ANSWER - The use of rigorous scientific methods to
measure the effect of some intervention on some outcome(s)
- Focuses on the end results or patent care
- Policy makers, insures, consumers, public
Review of the literature: - ANSWER - Research should be built on work of others
- The "literature" is all written sources relevant to your topic
