Page 1 of 142
FUNDAMENTALS CMS MIDTERM EXAM
2026/27 LATEST UPDATE WITH MULTIPLE,
CORRECTLY ANSWERED QUESTIONS
ALREADY GRADED A+ A nurse is assessing
the heart sounds of a client who has
developed chest pain that becomes worse
with inspiration. The nurse auscultates
1. A nurse is assessing the heart sounds of a client who has
developed chest pain that becomes worse with inspiration.
The nurse auscultates a scratching, high-pitched sound at
,Page 2 of 142
the left sternal border. Which finding does this indicate?
A. Pericardial friction rub
B. Pleural friction rub
C. S3 gallop
D. Aortic stenosis murmur
Correct Answer: A – Pericardial friction rub is high-pitched,
scratching, and heard with pericarditis. Pain worsens with
inspiration and lying flat.
2. A nurse is caring for a client on contact precautions.
Which action is most important when leaving the room?
A. Remove gloves and gown inside the room.
B. Perform hand hygiene with alcohol-based rub.
C. Remove mask after exiting the room.
D. Double-bag all linen.
Correct Answer: A – Remove PPE inside the room to prevent
spreading pathogens to the hallway. Hand hygiene is then
performed outside or just after removal.
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3. A client is at risk for falls. Which intervention should the
nurse prioritize?
A. Raise all four side rails.
B. Place the bed in the lowest position.
C. Keep the call light on the bedside table.
D. Apply wrist restraints.
Correct Answer: B – Low bed position reduces injury risk from
rolling out of bed. Side rails (all four) are considered a
restraint in many facilities.
4. A nurse is applying restraints to a confused client. Which
action is correct?
A. Tie restraints to the side rail.
B. Secure restraints with a quick-release knot.
C. Remove restraints every 4 hours.
D. Document the client’s behavior every shift.
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Correct Answer: B – Quick-release knots allow rapid removal
in an emergency. Restraints should be removed every 2 hours
for ROM and skin checks.
5. A client on isolation precautions refuses to stay in the
room. What is the nurse’s priority response?
A. Notify security immediately.
B. Explain the reason for isolation and risks to others.
C. Ask the family to convince the client.
D. Close the door and observe through the window.
Correct Answer: B – Education and explanation respect
autonomy while promoting safety.
6. A nurse is preparing to insert a urinary catheter. Which
technique ensures sterility?
A. Wearing clean gloves and using sterile equipment.
B. Opening sterile supplies before putting on sterile gloves.
C. Placing the sterile field 6 inches from the body.
D. Using non-sterile gloves for perineal cleaning.
FUNDAMENTALS CMS MIDTERM EXAM
2026/27 LATEST UPDATE WITH MULTIPLE,
CORRECTLY ANSWERED QUESTIONS
ALREADY GRADED A+ A nurse is assessing
the heart sounds of a client who has
developed chest pain that becomes worse
with inspiration. The nurse auscultates
1. A nurse is assessing the heart sounds of a client who has
developed chest pain that becomes worse with inspiration.
The nurse auscultates a scratching, high-pitched sound at
,Page 2 of 142
the left sternal border. Which finding does this indicate?
A. Pericardial friction rub
B. Pleural friction rub
C. S3 gallop
D. Aortic stenosis murmur
Correct Answer: A – Pericardial friction rub is high-pitched,
scratching, and heard with pericarditis. Pain worsens with
inspiration and lying flat.
2. A nurse is caring for a client on contact precautions.
Which action is most important when leaving the room?
A. Remove gloves and gown inside the room.
B. Perform hand hygiene with alcohol-based rub.
C. Remove mask after exiting the room.
D. Double-bag all linen.
Correct Answer: A – Remove PPE inside the room to prevent
spreading pathogens to the hallway. Hand hygiene is then
performed outside or just after removal.
,Page 3 of 142
3. A client is at risk for falls. Which intervention should the
nurse prioritize?
A. Raise all four side rails.
B. Place the bed in the lowest position.
C. Keep the call light on the bedside table.
D. Apply wrist restraints.
Correct Answer: B – Low bed position reduces injury risk from
rolling out of bed. Side rails (all four) are considered a
restraint in many facilities.
4. A nurse is applying restraints to a confused client. Which
action is correct?
A. Tie restraints to the side rail.
B. Secure restraints with a quick-release knot.
C. Remove restraints every 4 hours.
D. Document the client’s behavior every shift.
, Page 4 of 142
Correct Answer: B – Quick-release knots allow rapid removal
in an emergency. Restraints should be removed every 2 hours
for ROM and skin checks.
5. A client on isolation precautions refuses to stay in the
room. What is the nurse’s priority response?
A. Notify security immediately.
B. Explain the reason for isolation and risks to others.
C. Ask the family to convince the client.
D. Close the door and observe through the window.
Correct Answer: B – Education and explanation respect
autonomy while promoting safety.
6. A nurse is preparing to insert a urinary catheter. Which
technique ensures sterility?
A. Wearing clean gloves and using sterile equipment.
B. Opening sterile supplies before putting on sterile gloves.
C. Placing the sterile field 6 inches from the body.
D. Using non-sterile gloves for perineal cleaning.
