HESI MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING 2026 2027
COMPLETE TEST BANK QUESTIONS ANSWERS
RATIONALES AND REVISION GUIDE
1. What is the priority intervention for a patient with acute respiratory distress?
ANSWER ✓ Maintain airway patency and administer oxygen
2. What ABG finding indicates respiratory acidosis?
ANSWER ✓ pH < 7.35 and PaCO₂ > 45 mmHg
3. What is the most common cause of COPD?
ANSWER ✓ Smoking
4. Which position improves oxygenation in dyspnea?
ANSWER ✓ High Fowler’s position
5. What is the priority nursing action for chest pain?
ANSWER ✓ Assess pain and obtain vital signs
6. What is the first-line treatment for hypoglycemia?
ANSWER ✓ Administer glucose
7. What lab value indicates renal failure?
ANSWER ✓ Elevated creatinine
8. What electrolyte imbalance causes cardiac arrhythmias?
ANSWER ✓ Potassium imbalance
,9. What is the hallmark symptom of left-sided heart failure?
ANSWER ✓ Pulmonary congestion
10. What drug class is used for hypertension?
ANSWER ✓ ACE inhibitors
11. What is the sign of fluid overload?
ANSWER ✓ Edema
12. What is the purpose of incentive spirometry?
ANSWER ✓ Prevent atelectasis
13. What indicates infection in labs?
ANSWER ✓ Elevated WBC
14. What is the normal oxygen saturation?
ANSWER ✓ 95–100%
15. What is the cause of metabolic acidosis?
ANSWER ✓ Decreased bicarbonate
16. What is the priority for a stroke patient?
ANSWER ✓ Maintain airway
17. What is the first sign of hypoxia?
ANSWER ✓ Restlessness
18. What is the treatment for hyperkalemia?
ANSWER ✓ Insulin with glucose
,19. What is the function of hemoglobin?
ANSWER ✓ Carry oxygen
20. What indicates dehydration?
ANSWER ✓ Increased BUN
21. What is the main symptom of pneumonia?
ANSWER ✓ Cough with sputum
22. What is the cause of anemia?
ANSWER ✓ Low hemoglobin
23. What is the priority in GI bleeding?
ANSWER ✓ Maintain hemodynamic stability
24. What is the function of the liver?
ANSWER ✓ Detoxification
25. What indicates liver failure?
ANSWER ✓ Elevated bilirubin
26. What is the hallmark of diabetes mellitus?
ANSWER ✓ Hyperglycemia
27. What is DKA caused by?
ANSWER ✓ Insulin deficiency
28. What is the priority for burns?
, ANSWER ✓ Fluid resuscitation
29. What is the rule of nines used for?
ANSWER ✓ Burn assessment
30. What is the normal potassium level?
ANSWER ✓ 3.5–5.0 mEq/L
31. What is the cause of shock?
ANSWER ✓ Decreased tissue perfusion
32. What is septic shock?
ANSWER ✓ Infection leading to systemic response
33. What is the priority in shock?
ANSWER ✓ Restore circulation
34. What is the function of platelets?
ANSWER ✓ Clotting
35. What is thrombocytopenia?
ANSWER ✓ Low platelets
36. What is the symptom of hypernatremia?
ANSWER ✓ Thirst
37. What is hyponatremia?
ANSWER ✓ Low sodium
COMPLETE TEST BANK QUESTIONS ANSWERS
RATIONALES AND REVISION GUIDE
1. What is the priority intervention for a patient with acute respiratory distress?
ANSWER ✓ Maintain airway patency and administer oxygen
2. What ABG finding indicates respiratory acidosis?
ANSWER ✓ pH < 7.35 and PaCO₂ > 45 mmHg
3. What is the most common cause of COPD?
ANSWER ✓ Smoking
4. Which position improves oxygenation in dyspnea?
ANSWER ✓ High Fowler’s position
5. What is the priority nursing action for chest pain?
ANSWER ✓ Assess pain and obtain vital signs
6. What is the first-line treatment for hypoglycemia?
ANSWER ✓ Administer glucose
7. What lab value indicates renal failure?
ANSWER ✓ Elevated creatinine
8. What electrolyte imbalance causes cardiac arrhythmias?
ANSWER ✓ Potassium imbalance
,9. What is the hallmark symptom of left-sided heart failure?
ANSWER ✓ Pulmonary congestion
10. What drug class is used for hypertension?
ANSWER ✓ ACE inhibitors
11. What is the sign of fluid overload?
ANSWER ✓ Edema
12. What is the purpose of incentive spirometry?
ANSWER ✓ Prevent atelectasis
13. What indicates infection in labs?
ANSWER ✓ Elevated WBC
14. What is the normal oxygen saturation?
ANSWER ✓ 95–100%
15. What is the cause of metabolic acidosis?
ANSWER ✓ Decreased bicarbonate
16. What is the priority for a stroke patient?
ANSWER ✓ Maintain airway
17. What is the first sign of hypoxia?
ANSWER ✓ Restlessness
18. What is the treatment for hyperkalemia?
ANSWER ✓ Insulin with glucose
,19. What is the function of hemoglobin?
ANSWER ✓ Carry oxygen
20. What indicates dehydration?
ANSWER ✓ Increased BUN
21. What is the main symptom of pneumonia?
ANSWER ✓ Cough with sputum
22. What is the cause of anemia?
ANSWER ✓ Low hemoglobin
23. What is the priority in GI bleeding?
ANSWER ✓ Maintain hemodynamic stability
24. What is the function of the liver?
ANSWER ✓ Detoxification
25. What indicates liver failure?
ANSWER ✓ Elevated bilirubin
26. What is the hallmark of diabetes mellitus?
ANSWER ✓ Hyperglycemia
27. What is DKA caused by?
ANSWER ✓ Insulin deficiency
28. What is the priority for burns?
, ANSWER ✓ Fluid resuscitation
29. What is the rule of nines used for?
ANSWER ✓ Burn assessment
30. What is the normal potassium level?
ANSWER ✓ 3.5–5.0 mEq/L
31. What is the cause of shock?
ANSWER ✓ Decreased tissue perfusion
32. What is septic shock?
ANSWER ✓ Infection leading to systemic response
33. What is the priority in shock?
ANSWER ✓ Restore circulation
34. What is the function of platelets?
ANSWER ✓ Clotting
35. What is thrombocytopenia?
ANSWER ✓ Low platelets
36. What is the symptom of hypernatremia?
ANSWER ✓ Thirst
37. What is hyponatremia?
ANSWER ✓ Low sodium
