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Engineering Mathematics Complete Notes | Calculus, Algebra, DE & Exam Prep

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This comprehensive set of Engineering Mathematics notes provides a clear, structured, and exam-focused overview of the essential mathematical concepts required across engineering disciplines. Designed for both understanding and revision, the document simplifies complex topics while maintaining the depth needed for academic success. The notes cover key areas of calculus, including limits, continuity, differentiation, and integration, with explanations that help you understand both the theory and its practical applications in engineering contexts. Step-by-step approaches are used to make problem-solving methods easier to follow and apply during exams. In addition to calculus, the document includes important algebraic topics such as matrices, determinants, and systems of equations, which are fundamental tools in engineering analysis. Differential equations are also introduced, providing insight into how mathematical models are used to represent real-world systems and processes. Further sections explore functions, sequences and series, and core mathematical techniques that support analytical thinking and quantitative problem-solving. The content is organized logically, allowing you to build knowledge progressively while reinforcing key concepts through repetition and clarity.

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CÁC DẠNG BÀI TẬP CỦA LẦN KT THỨ 2

B1: 𝒕í𝒏𝒉 𝒆− ∫ 𝒑(𝒙)𝒅𝒙
𝒆− ∫ 𝒑(𝒙)𝒅𝒙
B2: 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒚𝟏. ∫ 𝒚𝟏𝟐
𝒅𝒙

Nghiệm yc = c1y1 + c2y2
Vd: 𝒙𝟐𝒚′′ − 𝟑𝒙𝒚′ + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟎 𝒗ớ𝒊 𝒚𝟏 = 𝒙𝟐
Đầu tiên chia 2 vế cho x2 để hệ số của y’’ là 1
3 4
=> 𝑦′′ − 𝑦′ + 𝑥2 𝑦 = 0
𝑥
3 3
B1: P(x) = − => -∫ 𝒑(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = − ∫ − 𝑑𝑥 = 𝟑𝒍𝒏𝒙
𝑥 𝑥
3
𝑒− ∫ 𝑝(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒3𝑙𝑛𝑥 = 𝑒(𝑙𝑛𝑥) = 𝑥3
− ∫ 𝑝(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
B2: 𝑦2 = 𝑦1. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥3 1
𝑦2 = 𝑥2 ∫ 𝑥4 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥2𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑥

𝑉ậ𝑦 𝑦1 = 𝑥2 ; 𝑦2 = 𝑥2𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑦𝑐 = 𝑐1𝑦1 + 𝑐2𝑦2 = 𝑐1𝑥2 + 𝑐2𝑥2𝑙𝑛𝑥




Chú ý dạng 2 khác dạng 1: ở dạng 1 đi kèm với y’ là 1 hàm theo x còn dạng 2 là hệ
số.
Đưa về phương trình đặc trưng : 𝑦′′ = 𝑚2 ; 𝑦′ = 𝑚 ; 𝑦 𝑙à 1
𝑛ế𝑢 𝑐ó 𝑦′′′𝑡ℎì 𝑏ằ𝑛𝑔 𝑚3
𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑖ệ𝑚 𝑟𝑖ê𝑛𝑔 𝑐ủ𝑎 𝑝ℎươ𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑟ì𝑛ℎ 𝑐ó 𝑑ạ𝑛𝑔 𝒚 = 𝒆𝒎𝒙

, 𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑖ệ𝑚 𝑡ổ𝑛𝑔 𝑞𝑢á𝑡 𝑐ủ𝑎 𝑝ℎươ𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑟ì𝑛ℎ: yc = c1y1 + c2y2




Các trường hợp khi tìm ra nghiệm của m
Th1: 2 nghiệm phân biệt m1 ≠ 𝒎𝟐
=> y1 = em1x và y2 = em 2x
=> yc = c1y1 + c2y2
Vd: nếu giải ra 2 giá trị của m là m=2 và m=4
=> y1 = 𝑒2𝑥 y2= 𝑒4𝑥
=> yc = c1e2x +c2e4x


Th2: giải ra m là nghiệm kép ( nghiệm bội 2 ) m1 = m2
y1 = em1x y2 = xy1
Nếu có 3 giá trị m bằng nhau m1 = m2 = m3
y1 = em1 x y2 = xy1 y3 = xy2 = x2y1
Tương tự cho nghiệm bội 4, bội 5 …. (không có đâu yên tâm)
Vd: giải ra m1 = m2 = 5
=> y1= 𝑒5𝑥 y2= 𝑥𝑒5𝑥
Nếu m1 = m2 = m3 = 5
=> y1= 𝑒5𝑥 y2= 𝑥𝑒5𝑥 y3= 𝑥2𝑒5𝑥


Th3: Nghiệm phức m1= 𝜶 + 𝒊𝜷
m2= 𝜶 − 𝒊𝜷
y1 = 𝑒𝛼𝑥 cos(𝛽𝑥) và y2 = 𝑒𝛼𝑥 sin(𝛽𝑥)

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