EFM Certification Review with all Correct & 100% Verified
Answers |Actual Complete Exam |Already Graded A+
What is the main purpose of fetal heart rate monitoring? ✔Correct Answer-to assess the
adequacy of fetal oxygenation during labor
What are the two main reasons for assessing fetal oxygenation during labor? ✔Correct
Answer-1. confirming normal oxygenation so normal labor can continue safely
2. preventing fetal injury that could result from interrupted fetal oxygenation
Oxygen is transported from the environment to the fetus via the "oxygen pathway" that
includes? ✔Correct Answer-Lungs
Heart
Vasculature
Uterus
Placenta
Umbilical Cord
Fetus
Oxygenated blood from the mother enters the placenta via? ✔Correct Answer-uterine
vasculature that connects to the spiral arteries, then moves into the intervillous space
What occurs in the intervillous space of the placenta? ✔Correct Answer-exchange of gases,
nutrients, wastes, molecules, and fetal/maternal blood separation
Umbilical arteries carry blood in which direction? ✔Correct Answer-from the fetus to the
placenta
The umbilical vein carries blood in which direction? ✔Correct Answer-from the placenta to
the fetus
What is the purpose of chorionic villi in the placenta? ✔Correct Answer-the location in which
fetal and maternal exchange occur
hypoxemia ✔Correct Answer-deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
What is the expected PAO2 of the umbilical artery at birth? ✔Correct Answer-15-25mm Hg
hypoxia ✔Correct Answer-deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues and organs
What is metabolic acidosis? ✔Correct Answer-An accumulation of lactic acid in the tissues
,What is the cause of metabolic acidosis in newborns? ✔Correct Answer-deficient oxygen in
the blood forces the body to convert from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism which generates
lactic acid as a byproduct
What is metabolic acidemia? ✔Correct Answer-excessive use of bicarbonate to stabilize acidic
blood, which lowers the blood pH too much
low blood pH level
Recurrent and/or sustained hypoxia and acidosis can lead to? ✔Correct Answer-hypoxic
ischemic injury to tissues and organs
Can you detect fetal variability with a fetoscope or doppler? ✔Correct Answer-No
When detecting fetal decelerations, what are the main differences between a fetoscope,
doppler, and electronic fetal monitoring? ✔Correct Answer-the fetoscope and doppler can
detect a deceleration happening but only the EFM can differentiate the type of deceleration
happening
What is Leopolds maneuver? ✔Correct Answer-To determine presentation and position of
fetus and aid in location of FHR
what are the 4 maneuvers during leopold's? ✔Correct Answer-1. determine what part of
fetus is located in fundus
2. determine location of fetal back
3. determine presenting part
4. determine location of the cephalic prominence
Can variability be determined with auscultated fetal heart monitoring? ✔Correct Answer-no
What should be documented with auscultated fetal heart rate? ✔Correct Answer-counted
fetal heart rate
rhythm
presence of increases, decreases, abrupt or gradual
bradycardia or tachycardia
uterine activity via palpation
Category 1 Auscultated fetal heart rate description ✔Correct Answer-baseline range of 110-
160
regular rhythm
presence or absence of FHR increases from baseline
absence of decreases from baseline
Category 2 auscultated fetal heart rate description ✔Correct Answer-everything that is not
classified as category 1
, What are common causes of excessive uterine activity? ✔Correct Answer-cervical ripening
agents
oxytocin
abruptio placentae
uterine overdistention (amnioinfusion, multiple gestation, macrosomia, hydramnios)
Define fetal heart rate baseline ✔Correct Answer-the mean fetal heart rate over a 10 minute
segment excluding accelerations, decelerations, or marked variability.
What defines a fetal heart rate baseline as "Indeterminate"? ✔Correct Answer-when the
baseline is not detected for a minimum of 2 minutes during a 10 minute segment
(heart rate does not need to be 2 continuous minutes)
Define fetal tachycardia ✔Correct Answer-baseline greater than 160bpm
Define fetal bradycardia ✔Correct Answer-baseline less than 110bpm
Define fetal baseline variability ✔Correct Answer-- fluctuations in fetal heart rate measured
from the peak(upper) to the trough(lower) of the heart rate fluctuations
- rounded to increments of 5 bpm
Define minimal variability ✔Correct Answer-the amplitude range is detectable but less than 5
bpm
Define moderate variability ✔Correct Answer-Amplitude from peak to trough 6-25 bpm
Define marked variability ✔Correct Answer-Amplitude from peak to trough is greater than 25
bpm
define: fetal heart rate accelerations ✔Correct Answer-an abrupt increase in FHR from
baseline of at least 15 bpm. must be less than 30 seconds
reassuring and usually indicates fetal well being
Accelerations of 15x15 are required at what gestation? ✔Correct Answer-32 weeks and higher
Prolonged acceleration definitions ✔Correct Answer-greater than 2 mins but less than 10
minutes
An acceleration lasting greater than ________ is defined as a baseline change ✔Correct
Answer-10 minutes
early deceleration ✔Correct Answer-associated with uterine contraction
Answers |Actual Complete Exam |Already Graded A+
What is the main purpose of fetal heart rate monitoring? ✔Correct Answer-to assess the
adequacy of fetal oxygenation during labor
What are the two main reasons for assessing fetal oxygenation during labor? ✔Correct
Answer-1. confirming normal oxygenation so normal labor can continue safely
2. preventing fetal injury that could result from interrupted fetal oxygenation
Oxygen is transported from the environment to the fetus via the "oxygen pathway" that
includes? ✔Correct Answer-Lungs
Heart
Vasculature
Uterus
Placenta
Umbilical Cord
Fetus
Oxygenated blood from the mother enters the placenta via? ✔Correct Answer-uterine
vasculature that connects to the spiral arteries, then moves into the intervillous space
What occurs in the intervillous space of the placenta? ✔Correct Answer-exchange of gases,
nutrients, wastes, molecules, and fetal/maternal blood separation
Umbilical arteries carry blood in which direction? ✔Correct Answer-from the fetus to the
placenta
The umbilical vein carries blood in which direction? ✔Correct Answer-from the placenta to
the fetus
What is the purpose of chorionic villi in the placenta? ✔Correct Answer-the location in which
fetal and maternal exchange occur
hypoxemia ✔Correct Answer-deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
What is the expected PAO2 of the umbilical artery at birth? ✔Correct Answer-15-25mm Hg
hypoxia ✔Correct Answer-deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues and organs
What is metabolic acidosis? ✔Correct Answer-An accumulation of lactic acid in the tissues
,What is the cause of metabolic acidosis in newborns? ✔Correct Answer-deficient oxygen in
the blood forces the body to convert from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism which generates
lactic acid as a byproduct
What is metabolic acidemia? ✔Correct Answer-excessive use of bicarbonate to stabilize acidic
blood, which lowers the blood pH too much
low blood pH level
Recurrent and/or sustained hypoxia and acidosis can lead to? ✔Correct Answer-hypoxic
ischemic injury to tissues and organs
Can you detect fetal variability with a fetoscope or doppler? ✔Correct Answer-No
When detecting fetal decelerations, what are the main differences between a fetoscope,
doppler, and electronic fetal monitoring? ✔Correct Answer-the fetoscope and doppler can
detect a deceleration happening but only the EFM can differentiate the type of deceleration
happening
What is Leopolds maneuver? ✔Correct Answer-To determine presentation and position of
fetus and aid in location of FHR
what are the 4 maneuvers during leopold's? ✔Correct Answer-1. determine what part of
fetus is located in fundus
2. determine location of fetal back
3. determine presenting part
4. determine location of the cephalic prominence
Can variability be determined with auscultated fetal heart monitoring? ✔Correct Answer-no
What should be documented with auscultated fetal heart rate? ✔Correct Answer-counted
fetal heart rate
rhythm
presence of increases, decreases, abrupt or gradual
bradycardia or tachycardia
uterine activity via palpation
Category 1 Auscultated fetal heart rate description ✔Correct Answer-baseline range of 110-
160
regular rhythm
presence or absence of FHR increases from baseline
absence of decreases from baseline
Category 2 auscultated fetal heart rate description ✔Correct Answer-everything that is not
classified as category 1
, What are common causes of excessive uterine activity? ✔Correct Answer-cervical ripening
agents
oxytocin
abruptio placentae
uterine overdistention (amnioinfusion, multiple gestation, macrosomia, hydramnios)
Define fetal heart rate baseline ✔Correct Answer-the mean fetal heart rate over a 10 minute
segment excluding accelerations, decelerations, or marked variability.
What defines a fetal heart rate baseline as "Indeterminate"? ✔Correct Answer-when the
baseline is not detected for a minimum of 2 minutes during a 10 minute segment
(heart rate does not need to be 2 continuous minutes)
Define fetal tachycardia ✔Correct Answer-baseline greater than 160bpm
Define fetal bradycardia ✔Correct Answer-baseline less than 110bpm
Define fetal baseline variability ✔Correct Answer-- fluctuations in fetal heart rate measured
from the peak(upper) to the trough(lower) of the heart rate fluctuations
- rounded to increments of 5 bpm
Define minimal variability ✔Correct Answer-the amplitude range is detectable but less than 5
bpm
Define moderate variability ✔Correct Answer-Amplitude from peak to trough 6-25 bpm
Define marked variability ✔Correct Answer-Amplitude from peak to trough is greater than 25
bpm
define: fetal heart rate accelerations ✔Correct Answer-an abrupt increase in FHR from
baseline of at least 15 bpm. must be less than 30 seconds
reassuring and usually indicates fetal well being
Accelerations of 15x15 are required at what gestation? ✔Correct Answer-32 weeks and higher
Prolonged acceleration definitions ✔Correct Answer-greater than 2 mins but less than 10
minutes
An acceleration lasting greater than ________ is defined as a baseline change ✔Correct
Answer-10 minutes
early deceleration ✔Correct Answer-associated with uterine contraction
