ATI NUTRITION LATEST 2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔complete proteins - ✔✔from animal sources and soy
contain all 9 essential amino acids
✔✔incomplete proteins - ✔✔from plant sources
insufficient amino acids
✔✔complementary proteins - ✔✔incomplete proteins that, when combined, provide all
the amino acids essential for protein synthesis
✔✔examples of complementary proteins - ✔✔black beans with rice
hummus with crackers
✔✔functions of proteins - ✔✔tissue building and maintenance
balance of nitrogen and water
backup energy
supports metabolic processes
supports immune system
facilitates acid-base, fluid, and electrolyte balance
✔✔3 Main factors that influence the bodys need for protein - ✔✔tissue growth needs
quality of the dietary protein
added needs due to illness
✔✔RDA of protein - ✔✔0.8 g/kg
✔✔AMDR for protein - ✔✔10-35% of calories
✔✔disorders caused by severe PEM - ✔✔Kwashiokor and marasmus
✔✔how much energy does protein provide? - ✔✔4 cal/g
✔✔sources of fat - ✔✔dark meat
poultry skin
dairy foods
added oils (margarine, butter, shortening, oils, lard)
✔✔functions of lipid - ✔✔stores energy
hormone production
structural material for cell walls
protects organs
insulation
, covers nerve fibers
aids in absorption of fat soluble vitamins
✔✔3 categories of fats - ✔✔triglycerides
phospholipids
sterols
✔✔triglycerides - ✔✔<150 mg/dL
95% of fat in food
supply energy to body
allow fat soluble vitamin transport
form adipose tissue
saturated, unsaturated, essential
✔✔saturated fatty acids - ✔✔solid at room temp
found mainly in animal sources
✔✔unsaturated fatty acids - ✔✔typically from plant sources
mono: olives, canola oil, avocado, peanuts, and other nuts
poly: corn, wheat germ, soybean, safflower, sunflower, and fish
✔✔essential fatty acids - ✔✔fats needed by the body that must be consumed in the diet
because the human body cannot manufacture them
omega 3 and 6 support blood clotting, blood pressure, and inflammatory processes
✔✔phospholipid function - ✔✔(lecithin) important for membrane structure and transport
of fat soluble vitamins across the membrane
✔✔cholesterol - ✔✔a sterol that is not essential because the liver produces enough
✔✔AMDR for fats - ✔✔20-35%
✔✔how many total calories should come from saturated fats - ✔✔10% or less
✔✔a diet high in fat is linked to - ✔✔-cardiovascular disease
-hypertension
-diabetes mellitus
✔✔when and where is fat broken down - ✔✔in the small intestine
gallbladder secretes bile to emulsify the fat
pancreas secretes lipase to break it down
✔✔VLDL - ✔✔carry triglycerides to the cells
AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔complete proteins - ✔✔from animal sources and soy
contain all 9 essential amino acids
✔✔incomplete proteins - ✔✔from plant sources
insufficient amino acids
✔✔complementary proteins - ✔✔incomplete proteins that, when combined, provide all
the amino acids essential for protein synthesis
✔✔examples of complementary proteins - ✔✔black beans with rice
hummus with crackers
✔✔functions of proteins - ✔✔tissue building and maintenance
balance of nitrogen and water
backup energy
supports metabolic processes
supports immune system
facilitates acid-base, fluid, and electrolyte balance
✔✔3 Main factors that influence the bodys need for protein - ✔✔tissue growth needs
quality of the dietary protein
added needs due to illness
✔✔RDA of protein - ✔✔0.8 g/kg
✔✔AMDR for protein - ✔✔10-35% of calories
✔✔disorders caused by severe PEM - ✔✔Kwashiokor and marasmus
✔✔how much energy does protein provide? - ✔✔4 cal/g
✔✔sources of fat - ✔✔dark meat
poultry skin
dairy foods
added oils (margarine, butter, shortening, oils, lard)
✔✔functions of lipid - ✔✔stores energy
hormone production
structural material for cell walls
protects organs
insulation
, covers nerve fibers
aids in absorption of fat soluble vitamins
✔✔3 categories of fats - ✔✔triglycerides
phospholipids
sterols
✔✔triglycerides - ✔✔<150 mg/dL
95% of fat in food
supply energy to body
allow fat soluble vitamin transport
form adipose tissue
saturated, unsaturated, essential
✔✔saturated fatty acids - ✔✔solid at room temp
found mainly in animal sources
✔✔unsaturated fatty acids - ✔✔typically from plant sources
mono: olives, canola oil, avocado, peanuts, and other nuts
poly: corn, wheat germ, soybean, safflower, sunflower, and fish
✔✔essential fatty acids - ✔✔fats needed by the body that must be consumed in the diet
because the human body cannot manufacture them
omega 3 and 6 support blood clotting, blood pressure, and inflammatory processes
✔✔phospholipid function - ✔✔(lecithin) important for membrane structure and transport
of fat soluble vitamins across the membrane
✔✔cholesterol - ✔✔a sterol that is not essential because the liver produces enough
✔✔AMDR for fats - ✔✔20-35%
✔✔how many total calories should come from saturated fats - ✔✔10% or less
✔✔a diet high in fat is linked to - ✔✔-cardiovascular disease
-hypertension
-diabetes mellitus
✔✔when and where is fat broken down - ✔✔in the small intestine
gallbladder secretes bile to emulsify the fat
pancreas secretes lipase to break it down
✔✔VLDL - ✔✔carry triglycerides to the cells
