ATI NUTRITION LATEST 2026 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔CHO - ✔✔carbohydrate: organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen
types: monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose), disaccharides (sucrose, lactose,
maltose), polysaccharides (starches, fiber)
fuction: to provide ENERGY for the body
*130 g/day needed to fuel the brain
✔✔Low cholesterol diet - ✔✔avoid saturated and trans fats (red meat, full fat dairy)
-limit saturated fat to 10% of calories and cholesterol to 300 mg/day
-increase monounsaturated fats and soluble fiber
include: oatmeal, oat bran (High fiber foods), fish and omega-3 fatty acids,
walnuts/almonds/other nuts, olive oil, plant sterols
✔✔clear liquid diet - ✔✔Foods that are clear and liquid at room temperature
-water, tea, coffee, fat-free broth, carbonated beverages, clear juices, ginger ale, gelatin
✔✔full liquid diet - ✔✔Foods that are liquid at room temperature
-all foods on CL diet, all forms of milk, soups, strained fruits and vegetables, vegetable
and fruit juices, egg nog, plain icecream and sherbert, refined or strained cereals, and
puddings
✔✔blenderized liquid (Pureed) diet - ✔✔liquids and foods that ar pureed to liquid form,
separately to preserve individual flavor
indications: clients who have chewing or swallowing difficulties, oral or facial surgery,
wired jaws
✔✔soft (Bland, Low-Fiber) diet - ✔✔whole foods that are low in fiber, lightly seasoned,
and easily digested
-High fiber gas forming foods are excluded (fruits, veggies, beans, coarse
breads/cereals)
Indications: clints transitioning between full liquid and regular diet, acute infections,
chewing difficulties, or GI disorder
✔✔Mechanical Soft diet - ✔✔modified in texture to include foods that require minimal
chewing before swallowing (ground meats, canned fruits, softly cooked vegetables)
indications: limited chewing ability; dysphagia, porrly fitting dentures, edentulous (w/out
teeth), surgery to head/neck/mouth, strictures of the intestinal tract
✔✔Lactulose or lactose intolerant - ✔✔Lactose intolerance occurs when the body is
unable to breakdown all of the lactose (predominant sugar in milk) due inadequate
lactase (enzyme that digests lactose into glucose and galactose)
, Lactose is contained in milk and dairy products such as cheese, yogurt, icecream,
sherbert
symptoms: abdominal distension, flatus, occasional diarrhea
nursing concern: substitute calcium with other sources such as tofu, beans, and
vegetables; in infants: substitute soy or casein hydrolysate formulas
✔✔low sodium diet - ✔✔limit sodium to 1500-2000mg/day
-benefits patients with cardiovascular risks including heart failure, hypertension, African-
American ethnicity, and all middle aged and older adults.
✔✔high fiber diet - ✔✔promotes normal bowel functioning and is associated with
decreased risk factors for certain ancers
My Plate diet: consume a minimum of 5 servings of fiber-rich fruits and vegetables and
adequate fluid intake
- 25 g/day for women and 38 g/day for men
✔✔high protein diet - ✔✔Needed to promote tissue growth and during times of illness
Foods high in protein: chicken, fish, cheese, pork loin, lean beef, tofu, beans, eggs,
yogurt, milk, nuts
✔✔What is nitrogren balance? - ✔✔the difference between the daily intake and
excretion of nitrogen; an indicator of tissue integrity
positive nitrogen balance: intake of nitrogen exceeds excretion so the body builds more
tissue than it breaks down; seen during infancy, childhood, adolescence, pregnancy, &
lactation
negative nitrogen balance: exretion of nitrogen exceeds intake; body is breaking down
more tissue than it is building; seen in illness, trauma, immobility, and malnutrition
***a healthy adult has a neutral nitrogen balance
✔✔Strategies to increase protein and caloric intake - ✔✔Add skim milk powder to milk
(double strength milk)
Substitute whole milk for water in recipes
Add cheese, peanute butter, chopper hard-boiled eggs or yogurt to foods
Dips meat in eggs or milk and coat with bread crumbs before cooking
Nuts and beans
✔✔Albumin lab values and significance - ✔✔Indicates if body is absorbing enough
protein
Prealbumin: 17-40 mg/dL
-used to assess critically ill clients who are at a higher risk for malnutition; reflects acute
changes
Albumin: 3.5-5 mg/dL
-chronic measurement
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔CHO - ✔✔carbohydrate: organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen
types: monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose), disaccharides (sucrose, lactose,
maltose), polysaccharides (starches, fiber)
fuction: to provide ENERGY for the body
*130 g/day needed to fuel the brain
✔✔Low cholesterol diet - ✔✔avoid saturated and trans fats (red meat, full fat dairy)
-limit saturated fat to 10% of calories and cholesterol to 300 mg/day
-increase monounsaturated fats and soluble fiber
include: oatmeal, oat bran (High fiber foods), fish and omega-3 fatty acids,
walnuts/almonds/other nuts, olive oil, plant sterols
✔✔clear liquid diet - ✔✔Foods that are clear and liquid at room temperature
-water, tea, coffee, fat-free broth, carbonated beverages, clear juices, ginger ale, gelatin
✔✔full liquid diet - ✔✔Foods that are liquid at room temperature
-all foods on CL diet, all forms of milk, soups, strained fruits and vegetables, vegetable
and fruit juices, egg nog, plain icecream and sherbert, refined or strained cereals, and
puddings
✔✔blenderized liquid (Pureed) diet - ✔✔liquids and foods that ar pureed to liquid form,
separately to preserve individual flavor
indications: clients who have chewing or swallowing difficulties, oral or facial surgery,
wired jaws
✔✔soft (Bland, Low-Fiber) diet - ✔✔whole foods that are low in fiber, lightly seasoned,
and easily digested
-High fiber gas forming foods are excluded (fruits, veggies, beans, coarse
breads/cereals)
Indications: clints transitioning between full liquid and regular diet, acute infections,
chewing difficulties, or GI disorder
✔✔Mechanical Soft diet - ✔✔modified in texture to include foods that require minimal
chewing before swallowing (ground meats, canned fruits, softly cooked vegetables)
indications: limited chewing ability; dysphagia, porrly fitting dentures, edentulous (w/out
teeth), surgery to head/neck/mouth, strictures of the intestinal tract
✔✔Lactulose or lactose intolerant - ✔✔Lactose intolerance occurs when the body is
unable to breakdown all of the lactose (predominant sugar in milk) due inadequate
lactase (enzyme that digests lactose into glucose and galactose)
, Lactose is contained in milk and dairy products such as cheese, yogurt, icecream,
sherbert
symptoms: abdominal distension, flatus, occasional diarrhea
nursing concern: substitute calcium with other sources such as tofu, beans, and
vegetables; in infants: substitute soy or casein hydrolysate formulas
✔✔low sodium diet - ✔✔limit sodium to 1500-2000mg/day
-benefits patients with cardiovascular risks including heart failure, hypertension, African-
American ethnicity, and all middle aged and older adults.
✔✔high fiber diet - ✔✔promotes normal bowel functioning and is associated with
decreased risk factors for certain ancers
My Plate diet: consume a minimum of 5 servings of fiber-rich fruits and vegetables and
adequate fluid intake
- 25 g/day for women and 38 g/day for men
✔✔high protein diet - ✔✔Needed to promote tissue growth and during times of illness
Foods high in protein: chicken, fish, cheese, pork loin, lean beef, tofu, beans, eggs,
yogurt, milk, nuts
✔✔What is nitrogren balance? - ✔✔the difference between the daily intake and
excretion of nitrogen; an indicator of tissue integrity
positive nitrogen balance: intake of nitrogen exceeds excretion so the body builds more
tissue than it breaks down; seen during infancy, childhood, adolescence, pregnancy, &
lactation
negative nitrogen balance: exretion of nitrogen exceeds intake; body is breaking down
more tissue than it is building; seen in illness, trauma, immobility, and malnutrition
***a healthy adult has a neutral nitrogen balance
✔✔Strategies to increase protein and caloric intake - ✔✔Add skim milk powder to milk
(double strength milk)
Substitute whole milk for water in recipes
Add cheese, peanute butter, chopper hard-boiled eggs or yogurt to foods
Dips meat in eggs or milk and coat with bread crumbs before cooking
Nuts and beans
✔✔Albumin lab values and significance - ✔✔Indicates if body is absorbing enough
protein
Prealbumin: 17-40 mg/dL
-used to assess critically ill clients who are at a higher risk for malnutition; reflects acute
changes
Albumin: 3.5-5 mg/dL
-chronic measurement
