Advanced Anatomy & Physiology Questions and Correct ANSWERS 2026/2027

Advanced Anatomy & Physiology Questions and Correct ANSWERS 2026/2027 The three types of driving forces on molecules: - Correct Answer 1) chemical 2) electrical 3) electrochemical As change in ion concentration (increases/decreases), chemical driving force (increases/decreases) - Correct Answer increases, increases Why do cells have membrane potentials? - Correct Answer 1) selective permeability 2)chemical driving forces/diffusion gradients 3)electrical driving forces What is the membrane potential (Vm)? - Correct Answer -70mV The Vm (resting membrane potential) is the ___________ - Correct Answer sum of equilibrium potentials for all permeant ions * their relative permeabilities Equilibrium potential - Correct Answer the voltage at which the chemical driving force and electrical driving forces are equal and opposite What does a positive or negative equilibrium potential sign mean? - Correct Answer If +, the electrical driving force is going OUT of the cell, if -, the electrical driving force is going IN the cell What does equilibrium potential magnitude depend on? - Correct Answer Concentration gradient (largely influences equilibrium potential) What is EqK+? - Correct Answer equilibrium potential of potassium: -90mV What is EqNa+? - Correct Answer equilibrium potential of sodium: +60mV