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When is consultation with or referral to a cardiologist appropriate? - ANSWERS-Any
end-organ damage, direct effects on lifestyle, or inability to perform the tasks of daily
living
If not chosen as the first drug in hypertension treatment, which drug class should be
added as a second step because it will enhance the effects of most other agents? -
ANSWERS-Diuretics
A 65-year-old patient who has been on a lipid-lowering diet and is using plant sterol
margarine daily for the past three months. Her LDL is 135mg/dL. What would an
appropriate treatment for them be? - ANSWERS-Determine their other risk factors
Calcium Channel Blocker's helps control blood pressure because it - ANSWERS-
promote smooth muscle dilation by stopping intracellular entry of calcium into the cell,
which increases contractility, which increase the activity of the NA+/K+/ATPase pump
indirectly
Patient education regarding prescribed medications includes - ANSWERS-discussion of
expected adverse drug reactions
, When starting a patient on a statin, what would education include? - ANSWERS-If they
stop the medication, their lipid levels will return to pretreatment levels; medication is a
supplement to diet therapy and exercise; and if they have muscle aches or pain, they
should contract their provider
When treating a patient for hypertension with a non-selective beta blocker, what other
organ may be unintentionally affected? - ANSWERS-Lung
When writing a prescription for warfarin it is common to write this on the prescription -
ANSWERS-The brand name of warfarin and "do not substitute"
Which formulation of nitrate may be most cost effective for the patient who rarely has
the need for dosing? - ANSWERS-Sublingual tablets
What disease processes could be made worse by taking a nonselective beta blocker? -
ANSWERS-Asthma
What drug is considered as treatment for hypertension in women during pregnancy? -
ANSWERS-Oral Methyldopa
Treatment for possible traveler's diarrhea - ANSWERS-bismuth subsalicylate before
each meal and at bedtime
Patients that are at highest risk for abruptly stopping a beta blocker are those with -
ANSWERS-Angina, Coronary Artery Disease, & Migraines
The medication that helps the imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and
myocardial oxygen demand in the myocardium by increasing the myocardial oxygen
supply - ANSWERS-Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Roles of Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in DM patients - ANSWERS-
improves insulin sensitivity
improves renal hemodynamics
reduce production of angiotensin II