BIO 201 Lecture Exam 1 Grand Canyon University Practice
Test 2026 | Questions & Answers PDF
1. How does the term 'lateral' differ from the term 'medial' in anatomical
terminology?
Lateral refers to the front of the body, while medial refers to the back.
Lateral refers to a position farther from the midline, while medial
refers to a position closer to the midline.
Lateral refers to a position above another structure, while medial refers
to a position below another structure.
Lateral and medial both refer to positions at the same distance from
the midline.
2. What is the term used to describe the fluid found within blood vessels?
Lymphatic fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid
Interstitial fluid
Intravascular fluid
3. Describe the significance of the phrase 'all or none phenomenon' in relation
to action potentials.
It refers to the gradual increase in membrane potential before an
action potential occurs.
It suggests that action potentials can be partially generated.
It means that once the threshold is reached, an action potential will
occur fully or not at all.
, It indicates that action potentials can vary in strength depending on
the stimulus.
4. If a doctor is examining a patient's arm and refers to the wrist as 'distal' to the
elbow, what does this imply about their relative positions?
The wrist is located at the front of the arm compared to the elbow.
The wrist is closer to the point of attachment of the arm than the
elbow.
The wrist and elbow are at the same distance from the shoulder.
The wrist is farther from the point of attachment of the arm than the
elbow.
5. If a cell's ability to perform catabolic reactions is impaired, what effect would
this have on glucose metabolism?
The cell would increase its anabolic processes to compensate.
The cell would struggle to efficiently break down glucose for
energy.
The cell would convert glucose into fatty acids instead.
The cell would enhance its glycolysis pathway.
6. Intravascular fluid is best described as
outside the cell walls
within the cell walls
between cell wall
in the blood stream
,7. Describe the primary differences between pinocytosis and phagocytosis in
terms of their functions and the types of substances they transport.
Pinocytosis involves the uptake of fluids and small solutes, while
phagocytosis is the process of engulfing larger particles or cells.
Both processes involve the uptake of large particles, but pinocytosis is
faster.
Pinocytosis is a form of active transport, whereas phagocytosis is
passive.
Phagocytosis is used for nutrient absorption, while pinocytosis is for
waste removal.
8. If a neuron's membrane loses its polarity due to a malfunction, what
physiological process would be most directly impacted?
The transport of glucose.
The uptake of neurotransmitters.
The generation of action potentials.
The synthesis of proteins.
9. In a medical scenario, if a surgeon is operating on the upper arm, which
structure would be described as proximal to the elbow?
The wrist joint.
The shoulder joint.
The hand.
The forearm.
10. In a scenario where a person is exercising intensely and producing high
levels of lactic acid, what physiological process allows for the recycling of
, lactic acid back into glucose?
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Cori cycle
Electron transport chain
11. What is the name of the disease that affects the myelin sheath of neurons in
the central nervous system?
Alzheimer's disease
Huntington's disease
Multiple sclerosis
Parkinson's disease
12. If a drug were to inhibit voltage-gated sodium channels in neurons, what
effect would this likely have on nerve signal transmission?
It would enhance the release of neurotransmitters.
It would decrease the ability of neurons to generate action
potentials.
It would increase the speed of nerve signal transmission.
It would have no effect on nerve signal transmission.
13. If a patient suffers a traumatic injury to the cranial region, what physiological
functions could be affected?
Muscle movement and coordination.
Circulatory functions and blood pressure.
Test 2026 | Questions & Answers PDF
1. How does the term 'lateral' differ from the term 'medial' in anatomical
terminology?
Lateral refers to the front of the body, while medial refers to the back.
Lateral refers to a position farther from the midline, while medial
refers to a position closer to the midline.
Lateral refers to a position above another structure, while medial refers
to a position below another structure.
Lateral and medial both refer to positions at the same distance from
the midline.
2. What is the term used to describe the fluid found within blood vessels?
Lymphatic fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid
Interstitial fluid
Intravascular fluid
3. Describe the significance of the phrase 'all or none phenomenon' in relation
to action potentials.
It refers to the gradual increase in membrane potential before an
action potential occurs.
It suggests that action potentials can be partially generated.
It means that once the threshold is reached, an action potential will
occur fully or not at all.
, It indicates that action potentials can vary in strength depending on
the stimulus.
4. If a doctor is examining a patient's arm and refers to the wrist as 'distal' to the
elbow, what does this imply about their relative positions?
The wrist is located at the front of the arm compared to the elbow.
The wrist is closer to the point of attachment of the arm than the
elbow.
The wrist and elbow are at the same distance from the shoulder.
The wrist is farther from the point of attachment of the arm than the
elbow.
5. If a cell's ability to perform catabolic reactions is impaired, what effect would
this have on glucose metabolism?
The cell would increase its anabolic processes to compensate.
The cell would struggle to efficiently break down glucose for
energy.
The cell would convert glucose into fatty acids instead.
The cell would enhance its glycolysis pathway.
6. Intravascular fluid is best described as
outside the cell walls
within the cell walls
between cell wall
in the blood stream
,7. Describe the primary differences between pinocytosis and phagocytosis in
terms of their functions and the types of substances they transport.
Pinocytosis involves the uptake of fluids and small solutes, while
phagocytosis is the process of engulfing larger particles or cells.
Both processes involve the uptake of large particles, but pinocytosis is
faster.
Pinocytosis is a form of active transport, whereas phagocytosis is
passive.
Phagocytosis is used for nutrient absorption, while pinocytosis is for
waste removal.
8. If a neuron's membrane loses its polarity due to a malfunction, what
physiological process would be most directly impacted?
The transport of glucose.
The uptake of neurotransmitters.
The generation of action potentials.
The synthesis of proteins.
9. In a medical scenario, if a surgeon is operating on the upper arm, which
structure would be described as proximal to the elbow?
The wrist joint.
The shoulder joint.
The hand.
The forearm.
10. In a scenario where a person is exercising intensely and producing high
levels of lactic acid, what physiological process allows for the recycling of
, lactic acid back into glucose?
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Cori cycle
Electron transport chain
11. What is the name of the disease that affects the myelin sheath of neurons in
the central nervous system?
Alzheimer's disease
Huntington's disease
Multiple sclerosis
Parkinson's disease
12. If a drug were to inhibit voltage-gated sodium channels in neurons, what
effect would this likely have on nerve signal transmission?
It would enhance the release of neurotransmitters.
It would decrease the ability of neurons to generate action
potentials.
It would increase the speed of nerve signal transmission.
It would have no effect on nerve signal transmission.
13. If a patient suffers a traumatic injury to the cranial region, what physiological
functions could be affected?
Muscle movement and coordination.
Circulatory functions and blood pressure.
