BIO 201 Exam 1 Northern Arizona University Complete
Review 2026 | Accurate Answers
1. Describe how cAMP functions as a second messenger in the context of
epinephrine signaling.
cAMP transports oxygen to the mitochondria.
cAMP converts glucose into ATP.
cAMP activates kinases that trigger various cellular responses to
stress.
cAMP inhibits the action of hormones in the cell.
2. When the hormone oxytocin is secreted during childbirth, it promotes uterine
contractions, which in turn causes more oxytocin to be released. This is an
example of what type of feedback control?
Feed forward
Intrinsic control
Negative feedback
None of the above
Positive feedback
3. What type of solution is normal saline in relation to blood cells?
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Acidic
Hypotonic
,4. BLANK epithelium allows for rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide
through the air sacs of the lungs
Simple columnar e
Simple cuboidal
Simple squamous
Stratified squamous
5. If a disease were to damage the microvilli in the small intestine, what
physiological effect might this have on nutrient absorption?
Decreased nutrient absorption
No effect on nutrient absorption
Increased nutrient absorption
Increased secretion of digestive enzymes
6. Describe the significance of understanding the levels of organization in
human biology.
Understanding the levels of organization helps in comprehending
how complex biological systems function and interact.
The levels of organization only apply to plants, not humans.
Understanding levels of organization is only important for anatomy,
not physiology.
Levels of organization are irrelevant to biological systems.
7. What type of epithelial tissue is primarily found in kidney tubules?
Simple cuboidal
Columnar
, Transitional
Stratified squamous
8. Which of the following solutions has the highest concentration of H+?
gastric juice with pH 2
blood with pH 7.4
pancreatic juice with pH 7.8
urine with pH 5.5
9. What term describes the process by which the body maintains stable internal
conditions despite external changes?
Epithelial tissue
Physiological response
Homeostasis
Metabolism
10. If a patient has a condition that affects the integrity of their epithelial tissue,
what physiological functions might be compromised?
Protection and secretion
Energy production and storage
Movement and support
Signal transmission and processing
11. Describe the roles of anabolism and catabolism in metabolism.
Anabolism and catabolism are both processes that only store energy.
Review 2026 | Accurate Answers
1. Describe how cAMP functions as a second messenger in the context of
epinephrine signaling.
cAMP transports oxygen to the mitochondria.
cAMP converts glucose into ATP.
cAMP activates kinases that trigger various cellular responses to
stress.
cAMP inhibits the action of hormones in the cell.
2. When the hormone oxytocin is secreted during childbirth, it promotes uterine
contractions, which in turn causes more oxytocin to be released. This is an
example of what type of feedback control?
Feed forward
Intrinsic control
Negative feedback
None of the above
Positive feedback
3. What type of solution is normal saline in relation to blood cells?
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Acidic
Hypotonic
,4. BLANK epithelium allows for rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide
through the air sacs of the lungs
Simple columnar e
Simple cuboidal
Simple squamous
Stratified squamous
5. If a disease were to damage the microvilli in the small intestine, what
physiological effect might this have on nutrient absorption?
Decreased nutrient absorption
No effect on nutrient absorption
Increased nutrient absorption
Increased secretion of digestive enzymes
6. Describe the significance of understanding the levels of organization in
human biology.
Understanding the levels of organization helps in comprehending
how complex biological systems function and interact.
The levels of organization only apply to plants, not humans.
Understanding levels of organization is only important for anatomy,
not physiology.
Levels of organization are irrelevant to biological systems.
7. What type of epithelial tissue is primarily found in kidney tubules?
Simple cuboidal
Columnar
, Transitional
Stratified squamous
8. Which of the following solutions has the highest concentration of H+?
gastric juice with pH 2
blood with pH 7.4
pancreatic juice with pH 7.8
urine with pH 5.5
9. What term describes the process by which the body maintains stable internal
conditions despite external changes?
Epithelial tissue
Physiological response
Homeostasis
Metabolism
10. If a patient has a condition that affects the integrity of their epithelial tissue,
what physiological functions might be compromised?
Protection and secretion
Energy production and storage
Movement and support
Signal transmission and processing
11. Describe the roles of anabolism and catabolism in metabolism.
Anabolism and catabolism are both processes that only store energy.
