CTRI LATEST 2026 EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Working gait - ✔✔Regular and unconstrained, energetic but calm, with even, elastic
steps.
✔✔Abduction - ✔✔Movement away from the midline of the body. In the EAAT setting,
this most often refers to the participant's legs separating or moving away from each
other.
✔✔Adaptive behavior - ✔✔Behavior that allows an individual to accommodate the
natural and social demands of the environment.
✔✔Adduction - ✔✔Movement toward the midline of the body. In the EAAT setting, this
is most often used in reference to the participant's legs moving together. An individual
who has tight or spastic adductor muscles (inner thigh muscles) may have difficulty
sitting astride the equine.
✔✔Ankle foot orthotic (AFO) - ✔✔Lower leg/foot brace (approximately knee height)
used to position and/or support the foot and ankle for walking. May require the
participant to wear a specific type of footwear.
✔✔Anterior - ✔✔The front of body, or toward the front of the body. In humans, anterior
is synonymous with ventral, which means "toward the abdomen."
✔✔Asymmetrical - ✔✔Lack of symmetry, or lack of similarity between corresponding
parts or organs on opposite sides of the body that are normally alike. In the EAAT
setting, this is most often used in reference to the participant's position on the equine,
as in an individual with hemiplegia or scoliosis.
✔✔Ataxia - ✔✔Incoordination that manifests especially when voluntary movements are
attempted. A characteristic of types of brain injury and cerebral palsy.
✔✔Athetosis - ✔✔A condition that involves involuntary slow irregular twisting
movements. It is a characteristic of damage to certain areas of the brain. It may be
observed in athetoid or dyskinetic cerebral palsy.
✔✔Aura - ✔✔A subjective sensation (such as of voices, colored lights or skin
sensations) experienced before the start of a seizure or migraine.
✔✔Bilateral - ✔✔Affecting or occurring on both sides of the body. For example, a
participant who has this is wearing hearing aids on both ears.
, ✔✔Bilateral motor coordination - ✔✔Skill and performance in purposeful movement that
requires interaction between both sides of the body in a smooth, refined manner.
✔✔Central nervous system - ✔✔The brain and spinal cord.
✔✔Congenital - ✔✔Existing from birth.
✔✔Contracture - ✔✔A limitation of range of motion of a joint. This condition is due to
shortening of muscles, tendons and/or ligaments around joints. Contractures of the hip
may result in a contraindication to mounted EAA.
✔✔Crossing midline - ✔✔Crossing the vertical center line of the body, such as with an
arm. An individual needs to use both sides of their brain in order to cross midline
effectively.
✔✔Cyanosis - ✔✔A bluish or purplish discoloration (as of skin) due to deficient oxygen
in the blood.
✔✔Decubitus ulcer - ✔✔A skin lesion caused by pressure to an area of the body. Also
known as a pressure sore or pressure injury. on a weight-bearing surface of the body
these are a contraindication to riding.
✔✔Developmental disability - ✔✔A disability that interrupts or delays the typical
developmental sequence.
✔✔Diplegia - ✔✔Quadriplegia with greater involvement of lower body than upper body.
Commonly used with regards to cerebral palsy. An individual who has diplegic cerebral
palsy has significant involvement of their legs and trunk with the arms and hands less
affected.
✔✔Distal - ✔✔Further or furthest from the trunk (e.g., hand is distal to the elbow).
✔✔Dorsiflexion - ✔✔Bending the ankle in a way that brings the toes up.
✔✔Edema - ✔✔Swelling
✔✔Epilepsy - ✔✔seizure disorder
✔✔Equilibrium - ✔✔a state of balance
✔✔Extension - ✔✔To straighten the body or a joint. For example, extension of the
elbow results in straightening the arm.
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Working gait - ✔✔Regular and unconstrained, energetic but calm, with even, elastic
steps.
✔✔Abduction - ✔✔Movement away from the midline of the body. In the EAAT setting,
this most often refers to the participant's legs separating or moving away from each
other.
✔✔Adaptive behavior - ✔✔Behavior that allows an individual to accommodate the
natural and social demands of the environment.
✔✔Adduction - ✔✔Movement toward the midline of the body. In the EAAT setting, this
is most often used in reference to the participant's legs moving together. An individual
who has tight or spastic adductor muscles (inner thigh muscles) may have difficulty
sitting astride the equine.
✔✔Ankle foot orthotic (AFO) - ✔✔Lower leg/foot brace (approximately knee height)
used to position and/or support the foot and ankle for walking. May require the
participant to wear a specific type of footwear.
✔✔Anterior - ✔✔The front of body, or toward the front of the body. In humans, anterior
is synonymous with ventral, which means "toward the abdomen."
✔✔Asymmetrical - ✔✔Lack of symmetry, or lack of similarity between corresponding
parts or organs on opposite sides of the body that are normally alike. In the EAAT
setting, this is most often used in reference to the participant's position on the equine,
as in an individual with hemiplegia or scoliosis.
✔✔Ataxia - ✔✔Incoordination that manifests especially when voluntary movements are
attempted. A characteristic of types of brain injury and cerebral palsy.
✔✔Athetosis - ✔✔A condition that involves involuntary slow irregular twisting
movements. It is a characteristic of damage to certain areas of the brain. It may be
observed in athetoid or dyskinetic cerebral palsy.
✔✔Aura - ✔✔A subjective sensation (such as of voices, colored lights or skin
sensations) experienced before the start of a seizure or migraine.
✔✔Bilateral - ✔✔Affecting or occurring on both sides of the body. For example, a
participant who has this is wearing hearing aids on both ears.
, ✔✔Bilateral motor coordination - ✔✔Skill and performance in purposeful movement that
requires interaction between both sides of the body in a smooth, refined manner.
✔✔Central nervous system - ✔✔The brain and spinal cord.
✔✔Congenital - ✔✔Existing from birth.
✔✔Contracture - ✔✔A limitation of range of motion of a joint. This condition is due to
shortening of muscles, tendons and/or ligaments around joints. Contractures of the hip
may result in a contraindication to mounted EAA.
✔✔Crossing midline - ✔✔Crossing the vertical center line of the body, such as with an
arm. An individual needs to use both sides of their brain in order to cross midline
effectively.
✔✔Cyanosis - ✔✔A bluish or purplish discoloration (as of skin) due to deficient oxygen
in the blood.
✔✔Decubitus ulcer - ✔✔A skin lesion caused by pressure to an area of the body. Also
known as a pressure sore or pressure injury. on a weight-bearing surface of the body
these are a contraindication to riding.
✔✔Developmental disability - ✔✔A disability that interrupts or delays the typical
developmental sequence.
✔✔Diplegia - ✔✔Quadriplegia with greater involvement of lower body than upper body.
Commonly used with regards to cerebral palsy. An individual who has diplegic cerebral
palsy has significant involvement of their legs and trunk with the arms and hands less
affected.
✔✔Distal - ✔✔Further or furthest from the trunk (e.g., hand is distal to the elbow).
✔✔Dorsiflexion - ✔✔Bending the ankle in a way that brings the toes up.
✔✔Edema - ✔✔Swelling
✔✔Epilepsy - ✔✔seizure disorder
✔✔Equilibrium - ✔✔a state of balance
✔✔Extension - ✔✔To straighten the body or a joint. For example, extension of the
elbow results in straightening the arm.
