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Samenvatting Prof. Van Gerven - de neus

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Dit is een samenvatting van het deel over de neus van het vak Ziekteleer van hoofd en hals. PowerPoint, handboek en lesnotities gecombineerd.

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2025 –
2026




Ziekteleer Hoofd en Hals:
de neus
[E0I81A]

,Ziekteleer Hoofd en hals: de neus
1. Anatomie, histologie, fysiologie .......................................................................................................... 3
De functies van de neus ....................................................................................................................... 3
Anatomie ............................................................................................................................................. 3
2. Aangeboren aandoeningen .................................................................................................................. 4
Functionele afwijkingen ...................................................................................................................... 4
Primaire ciliaire dyskinesie ............................................................................................................. 4
Mucoviscidose ................................................................................................................................. 5
Structurele afwijkingen ....................................................................................................................... 5
Van de uitwendige neus ................................................................................................................... 5
Van de inwendige neus .................................................................................................................... 5
3. Ontstekingen van de uitwendige neus ................................................................................................. 5
Furunkel .............................................................................................................................................. 5
Vestibulitis nasi.................................................................................................................................... 5
Rhinophyma ........................................................................................................................................ 5
4. Ontstekingen van de inwendige neus en neusbijholten ....................................................................... 6
Infectieus ............................................................................................................................................. 6
Acute virale rinosinusitis ................................................................................................................. 6
Acute postvirale rinosinusitis .......................................................................................................... 6
Acute bacteriële rinosinusitis .......................................................................................................... 7
Dentogene sinusitis maxillaris ........................................................................................................ 7
Chronische rinosinusitis (>12 weken) ............................................................................................. 7
Allergisch ............................................................................................................................................ 8
Allergische rinitis ............................................................................................................................ 8
De allergische inflammatie .............................................................................................................. 8
De voornaamste luchtwegallergenen ............................................................................................... 9
Symptomen...................................................................................................................................... 9
Diagnose .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Behandeling ..................................................................................................................................... 9
Niet-infectieus, niet-allergisch .......................................................................................................... 10
Ouderdomsrinitis ........................................................................................................................... 10
Hormonale rinitis ........................................................................................................................... 10
Beroepsgebonden rinitis ................................................................................................................ 10
Medicamenteuze rinitis ................................................................................................................. 10
Idiopathische rinitis ....................................................................................................................... 10
5. Neusobstructie ................................................................................................................................... 10
Neusobstructie bij volwassenen .........................................................................................................11
Unilaterale neusobstructie ..............................................................................................................11
Bilaterale neusobstructie ............................................................................................................... 12

, Neusobstructie bij kinderen ............................................................................................................... 12
Structurele afwijkingen ................................................................................................................. 12
Mucosale afwijkingen ................................................................................................................... 12
Openmondademhaling....................................................................................................................... 12
6. Epistaxis en trauma ........................................................................................................................... 12
Epistaxis (bloedneus) ........................................................................................................................ 12
Bevloeiing van de neus.................................................................................................................. 13
Behandeling ................................................................................................................................... 13
Neustrauma.................................................................................................................................... 13
7. Reukverlies ........................................................................................................................................ 14
Reukstoornissen................................................................................................................................. 14

, 1. Anatomie, histologie, fysiologie

De functies van de neus
⬧ Rol in de ademhaling: lucht over onderste neusgang naar farynx en longen
⬧ Lucht bevochtigen en verwarmen door neusschelpen: grote structuren bekleed met respiratoir
epitheel)
⬧ Filterfunctie
⬧ Reukorgaan
⬧ First layer of defence: slijmlaag met immuuncellen – IgA
⬧ Klank

Anatomie




Het neustussenschot
⬧ Het anterieur deel van het septum is kraakbenig, het posterieur deel is benig
⬧ Het voorste deel is bekleed met meerlagig plaveiselepitheel
⬧ Het dieper gelegen deel is bekleed met respiratoir epitheel




Vestibulum nasi: meerlagig plaveiselcellig epitheel

Cavum nasi: basale caviteit bekleed met respiratoir epitheel
Het respiratoir epitheel bestaat uit trilhaarcellen, basale
cellen en slijmbekercellen

Choanae: overgang

Connected book
 image
F. Debruyne, H.A.M. Marres Zakboek keel-, neus-, oorheelkunde
Publisher: Unknown ISBN: 9789463441148 Edition: 1

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