Bio 161 Penn State Exam 1 Verified question and answer [2025/2026]

Anatomy - Ans →Structure of the human body Physiology - Ans →Function of the human body Homeostasis - Ans →Adapt to external variables, Temperature, pH, Blood volume, Sugar levels Negative Feedback Loop - Ans →Body senses change and reacts to negate or reverse the condition Hormone - Ans →Chemical messenger Positive Feedback Loop - Ans →Cycle in which an initial change leads to a greater change, Self-amplifying, rapid change Atom - Ans →Subatomic particles- protons, neutrons, electrons Element - Ans →identified by the number of protons Neutral Atom - Ans →Same number of protons and electrons lon - Ans →Atoms that have an uneven number of protons and electrons Cation - Ans →Positive charge, give up electrons easily Anion - Ans →Negative charge, accept electrons easily lonic Bond - Ans Transfer of electrons Covalent Bond - Ans →Two atoms share electrons Action potentials - Ans →commnunication Molecules - Ans →multiple atoms held together Polar Molecule - Ans →difference of charge at both ends of the molecule Hydrogen Bonds - Ans →attraction between polar molecules Monomer - Ans →single molecular unit of a polymer Polymer - Ans →molecule containing many repeating monomers Carbohydrate Monomers - Ans →Glucose (Blood sugar), Fructose Carbohydrate Polymer - Ans →Glycogen, Cellulose, Starch Carbohydrate - Ans →Provide cellular fuel, enzymes are used to break down sugar in the process of cellular respiration to release ATP