MSN 570 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL 2026 CASE STUDY AND CLINICAL
APPLICATION PACK A+
◉ Risk. Answer: Factor that when present increases the chance of
disease
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the
likelihood of encountering a stressor
◉ Prevalence. Answer: A measure of disease that allows us to
determine a person's likelihood of having a disease. Therefore, the
number of prevalent cases is the total number of cases of disease
existing in a population. A prevalence rate is the total number of
cases of a disease existing in a population divided by the total
population
Indicates how widespread the disease is
◉ Incidence. Answer: A measure of disease that allows us to
determine a person's probability of being diagnosed with a disease
during a given period of time. Therefore, incidence is the number of
newly diagnosed cases of a disease. An incidence rate is the number
of new cases of a disease divided by the number of persons at risk
for the disease.
Conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease.
,◉ Ratio. Answer: The quantitative relation between two amounts
showing the number of times one value contains or is contained
within the other.
◉ Primary Prevention. Answer: Altering susceptibility or reducing
exposure for susceptible persons
*Both illness and disease are absent
example: vaccinations, healthy lifestyles
◉ Secondary Prevention. Answer: Early detection, screening, and
management of disease
*Illness absent, disease present
example: screenings and testings
◉ Tertiary Prevention. Answer: Rehabilitation, supportive care,
reducing disability, and restoring effective functioning
*Both illness and disease present
example: education
,◉ Epidemiology. Answer: study of the patterns of disease involving
populations; examining the occurrence, incidence, prevalence,
transmission, and distribution of diseases in large groups of
populations/people
◉ Endemic. Answer: A disease theat is native to a local region
◉ Epidemic. Answer: When a disease is disseninated to many
individals at the same time
(spread to many people at the same time)
◉ Pandemic. Answer: Epidemics that affect large geographic
regions, perhaps spreading worldwide.
(spread to large geographic areas)
◉ *Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors*.
Answer:
◉ Homeostasis. Answer: A state of being in which all systems are in
balance around a articular ideal "set-point"
◉ Exhausation. Answer: Point where body can no longer return to
homeostasis following a prolonged exposure to noxious agents
, ◉ Allostatic Overload. Answer: "Cost" of body's organs and tissues
for an excessive or ineffectively regulated allostatic response; effect
of "wear and tear" on the body
◉ Adaptation. Answer: Adaptation: biopsychosocial process of
change in response to new or altered circumstances, internal or
external in origin
Coping: behavioral adaptive response to a stressor using culturally
based coping mechanisms
Adaptation and coping: terms used interchangeably
◉ Arousal. Answer: Includes alterations in responsiveness to
homeostatic pressures, sensory stimuli and emotional reactivity, and
to changes in motor activity
◉ Function of Cortisol. Answer: Primary glucocorticoid
Affects protein metabolism
Promotes appetite and food-seeking behaviors
Has anti-inflammatory effects
Chemical mediator in the inflammation response of the body
Adrenal corticosteroid critical to maintenance of homeostasis
May synergize or antagonize effects of catecholamines
FINAL 2026 CASE STUDY AND CLINICAL
APPLICATION PACK A+
◉ Risk. Answer: Factor that when present increases the chance of
disease
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the
likelihood of encountering a stressor
◉ Prevalence. Answer: A measure of disease that allows us to
determine a person's likelihood of having a disease. Therefore, the
number of prevalent cases is the total number of cases of disease
existing in a population. A prevalence rate is the total number of
cases of a disease existing in a population divided by the total
population
Indicates how widespread the disease is
◉ Incidence. Answer: A measure of disease that allows us to
determine a person's probability of being diagnosed with a disease
during a given period of time. Therefore, incidence is the number of
newly diagnosed cases of a disease. An incidence rate is the number
of new cases of a disease divided by the number of persons at risk
for the disease.
Conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease.
,◉ Ratio. Answer: The quantitative relation between two amounts
showing the number of times one value contains or is contained
within the other.
◉ Primary Prevention. Answer: Altering susceptibility or reducing
exposure for susceptible persons
*Both illness and disease are absent
example: vaccinations, healthy lifestyles
◉ Secondary Prevention. Answer: Early detection, screening, and
management of disease
*Illness absent, disease present
example: screenings and testings
◉ Tertiary Prevention. Answer: Rehabilitation, supportive care,
reducing disability, and restoring effective functioning
*Both illness and disease present
example: education
,◉ Epidemiology. Answer: study of the patterns of disease involving
populations; examining the occurrence, incidence, prevalence,
transmission, and distribution of diseases in large groups of
populations/people
◉ Endemic. Answer: A disease theat is native to a local region
◉ Epidemic. Answer: When a disease is disseninated to many
individals at the same time
(spread to many people at the same time)
◉ Pandemic. Answer: Epidemics that affect large geographic
regions, perhaps spreading worldwide.
(spread to large geographic areas)
◉ *Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors*.
Answer:
◉ Homeostasis. Answer: A state of being in which all systems are in
balance around a articular ideal "set-point"
◉ Exhausation. Answer: Point where body can no longer return to
homeostasis following a prolonged exposure to noxious agents
, ◉ Allostatic Overload. Answer: "Cost" of body's organs and tissues
for an excessive or ineffectively regulated allostatic response; effect
of "wear and tear" on the body
◉ Adaptation. Answer: Adaptation: biopsychosocial process of
change in response to new or altered circumstances, internal or
external in origin
Coping: behavioral adaptive response to a stressor using culturally
based coping mechanisms
Adaptation and coping: terms used interchangeably
◉ Arousal. Answer: Includes alterations in responsiveness to
homeostatic pressures, sensory stimuli and emotional reactivity, and
to changes in motor activity
◉ Function of Cortisol. Answer: Primary glucocorticoid
Affects protein metabolism
Promotes appetite and food-seeking behaviors
Has anti-inflammatory effects
Chemical mediator in the inflammation response of the body
Adrenal corticosteroid critical to maintenance of homeostasis
May synergize or antagonize effects of catecholamines
