LATTEST UPDATE
Pharmacology
Comprehensive
Practice Exam
2025-2026 WITH
FORTIFIED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
1. A patient is prescribed warfarin. Which lab value indicates
the medication is therapeutic?
A. aPTT 60 seconds
B. INR 2.5
,C. Platelets 150,000/mm³
D. Hemoglobin 14 g/dL
Answer: B. INR 2.5
Rationale: The therapeutic INR range for most patients on
warfarin is 2.0–3.0.
2. Which medication is used as a reversal agent for heparin
overdose?
A. Vitamin K
B. Protamine sulfate
C. Naloxone
D. Acetylcysteine
Answer: B. Protamine sulfate
Rationale: Protamine sulfate binds and neutralizes heparin.
3. A patient taking ACE inhibitors should be monitored for
which side effect?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
,Answer: A. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: ACE inhibitors reduce aldosterone, increasing
potassium retention.
4. Which insulin has the fastest onset?
A. Glargine
B. NPH
C. Lispro
D. Detemir
Answer: C. Lispro
Rationale: Rapid-acting insulins like lispro begin working within
10–15 minutes.
5. What is the antidote for opioid overdose?
A. Flumazenil
B. Atropine
C. Naloxone
D. Vitamin K
Answer: C. Naloxone
Rationale: Naloxone reverses opioid effects.
, 6. A patient on digoxin reports nausea and visual halos. What
is the priority action?
A. Give next dose
B. Hold medication and notify provider
C. Increase potassium intake
D. Administer antiemetic
Answer: B. Hold medication and notify provider
Rationale: These are signs of digoxin toxicity.
7. Which drug class is used to treat hypertension by blocking
angiotensin II?
A. Beta blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. ARBs
D. Calcium channel blockers
Answer: C. ARBs
Rationale: ARBs block angiotensin II receptors, reducing
vasoconstriction.
8. Which electrolyte must be monitored with loop diuretics?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
Pharmacology
Comprehensive
Practice Exam
2025-2026 WITH
FORTIFIED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
1. A patient is prescribed warfarin. Which lab value indicates
the medication is therapeutic?
A. aPTT 60 seconds
B. INR 2.5
,C. Platelets 150,000/mm³
D. Hemoglobin 14 g/dL
Answer: B. INR 2.5
Rationale: The therapeutic INR range for most patients on
warfarin is 2.0–3.0.
2. Which medication is used as a reversal agent for heparin
overdose?
A. Vitamin K
B. Protamine sulfate
C. Naloxone
D. Acetylcysteine
Answer: B. Protamine sulfate
Rationale: Protamine sulfate binds and neutralizes heparin.
3. A patient taking ACE inhibitors should be monitored for
which side effect?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
,Answer: A. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: ACE inhibitors reduce aldosterone, increasing
potassium retention.
4. Which insulin has the fastest onset?
A. Glargine
B. NPH
C. Lispro
D. Detemir
Answer: C. Lispro
Rationale: Rapid-acting insulins like lispro begin working within
10–15 minutes.
5. What is the antidote for opioid overdose?
A. Flumazenil
B. Atropine
C. Naloxone
D. Vitamin K
Answer: C. Naloxone
Rationale: Naloxone reverses opioid effects.
, 6. A patient on digoxin reports nausea and visual halos. What
is the priority action?
A. Give next dose
B. Hold medication and notify provider
C. Increase potassium intake
D. Administer antiemetic
Answer: B. Hold medication and notify provider
Rationale: These are signs of digoxin toxicity.
7. Which drug class is used to treat hypertension by blocking
angiotensin II?
A. Beta blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. ARBs
D. Calcium channel blockers
Answer: C. ARBs
Rationale: ARBs block angiotensin II receptors, reducing
vasoconstriction.
8. Which electrolyte must be monitored with loop diuretics?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
