9489_s25_qp_13.pdf 9489_s25_qp_13.pdf 9489_s25_qp_13.pdf
Cambridge International AS & A Level
HISTORY 9489/13
Paper 1 Document Question May/June 2025
1 hour 15 minutes
You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.
* 6 4 8 9 5 7 7 9 7 9 *
You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer one question from one section only.
Section A: European option
Section B: American option
Section C: International option
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
This document has 8 pages.
DC (PQ/CT) 342921/2
© UCLES 2025 [Turn over
9489_s25_qp_13.pdf 9489_s25_qp_13.pdf 9489_s25_qp_13.pdf
, 9489_s25_qp_13.pdf 9489_s25_qp_13.pdf 9489_s25_qp_13.pdf
2
Answer one question from one section only.
Section A: European option
Liberalism and nationalism in Germany, 1815–71
1 Read the sources and then answer both parts of the question.
Source A
We will be obliged sooner or later to fight Austria for our existence. It does not lie in our power to
evade the fight because the course of events in Germany can have no other outcome.
If it came to a point when France threatened war with Austria in Italy, we should not join Austria in
opposing it because we should probably be defeated. Even if we were victorious, we would have
spent our blood only for the benefit of Austria. What in the end should we have fought for? For the
maintenance of Austria’s superiority in Germany and the pitiful constitution of the Confederation.
We cannot possibly exert our last reserves of strength for that. Were we to seek, in co-operation
with Austria, to alter the German Confederation in our favour, every trick would be practised,
preventing Prussia from reaching a higher standing in Germany.
From a letter written by Bismarck to Prussian Minister-President Manteuffel, April 1856.
Source B
All were agreed that France, with its unpredictable Emperor, was the greatest threat to Europe,
Prussia and Germany. However, for the last forty years, almost all the German states have
cherished a hostile spirit against Prussia. This has been decidedly on the increase for over a year.
Therefore I must admit the sad possibility that the south German states may seek to preserve their
neutrality by means of separate negotiation with France, leaving Prussia to endure the struggle
alone and be defeated. It is a matter then of finding ways and means to put an end to German
animosity against Prussia. By virtue of Prussia’s superiority in moral and physical power, this
would be easy if Austria, with its own hostility to us, were not also the moving spirit of German
opposition. The necessity therefore arises that we should enter an understanding with Austria so
as to make such an extreme eventuality impossible. Nothing then remains but to give up our sharp
opposition to Austria and the German states.
From a report of a Prussian Council meeting written by the Prince Regent to the
Prussian Foreign Minister, March 1860.
© UCLES 2025 9489/13/M/J/25
9489_s25_qp_13.pdf 9489_s25_qp_13.pdf 9489_s25_qp_13.pdf
Cambridge International AS & A Level
HISTORY 9489/13
Paper 1 Document Question May/June 2025
1 hour 15 minutes
You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.
* 6 4 8 9 5 7 7 9 7 9 *
You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer one question from one section only.
Section A: European option
Section B: American option
Section C: International option
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
This document has 8 pages.
DC (PQ/CT) 342921/2
© UCLES 2025 [Turn over
9489_s25_qp_13.pdf 9489_s25_qp_13.pdf 9489_s25_qp_13.pdf
, 9489_s25_qp_13.pdf 9489_s25_qp_13.pdf 9489_s25_qp_13.pdf
2
Answer one question from one section only.
Section A: European option
Liberalism and nationalism in Germany, 1815–71
1 Read the sources and then answer both parts of the question.
Source A
We will be obliged sooner or later to fight Austria for our existence. It does not lie in our power to
evade the fight because the course of events in Germany can have no other outcome.
If it came to a point when France threatened war with Austria in Italy, we should not join Austria in
opposing it because we should probably be defeated. Even if we were victorious, we would have
spent our blood only for the benefit of Austria. What in the end should we have fought for? For the
maintenance of Austria’s superiority in Germany and the pitiful constitution of the Confederation.
We cannot possibly exert our last reserves of strength for that. Were we to seek, in co-operation
with Austria, to alter the German Confederation in our favour, every trick would be practised,
preventing Prussia from reaching a higher standing in Germany.
From a letter written by Bismarck to Prussian Minister-President Manteuffel, April 1856.
Source B
All were agreed that France, with its unpredictable Emperor, was the greatest threat to Europe,
Prussia and Germany. However, for the last forty years, almost all the German states have
cherished a hostile spirit against Prussia. This has been decidedly on the increase for over a year.
Therefore I must admit the sad possibility that the south German states may seek to preserve their
neutrality by means of separate negotiation with France, leaving Prussia to endure the struggle
alone and be defeated. It is a matter then of finding ways and means to put an end to German
animosity against Prussia. By virtue of Prussia’s superiority in moral and physical power, this
would be easy if Austria, with its own hostility to us, were not also the moving spirit of German
opposition. The necessity therefore arises that we should enter an understanding with Austria so
as to make such an extreme eventuality impossible. Nothing then remains but to give up our sharp
opposition to Austria and the German states.
From a report of a Prussian Council meeting written by the Prince Regent to the
Prussian Foreign Minister, March 1860.
© UCLES 2025 9489/13/M/J/25
9489_s25_qp_13.pdf 9489_s25_qp_13.pdf 9489_s25_qp_13.pdf
