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Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy – 7th Edition
Author: Lynn S. Lippert
Chapter 1: Basic Information
With Explanations
PART I: Anatomical Terms & Motion Concepts
1. The fibula is on which side of the lower leg?
Answer: B – Lateral
Explanation (50 words):
The fibula is the thinner bone of the lower leg and lies on the lateral (outer) side relative to the tibia. In
anatomical position, lateral means away from the midline. The tibia is medial, bearing most weight, while the
fibula provides lateral stability and muscle attachment.
2. The ulna is where in relation to the humerus?
Answer: D – Distal
Explanation:
The ulna is located distal to the humerus. Distal refers to a structure farther from the trunk or point of origin.
The humerus forms the upper arm, and the ulna, along with the radius, forms the forearm, articulating with the
humerus at the elbow joint.
3. In anatomical position, the thumb is located where relative to the fingers?
Answer: B – Lateral
Explanation:
In anatomical position, the palms face forward and the thumb points outward. Therefore, the thumb is lateral to
the fingers, meaning it is farther from the midline of the body. This orientation is essential for understanding
hand movements and joint actions clinically.
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4. Moving from anatomical to fundamental position, the forearm moves into:
Answer: A – Pronation
Explanation:
Anatomical position has the forearm supinated (palms forward). Fundamental position places palms toward the
body. This requires pronation, a rotational movement of the forearm that turns the palm posteriorly. Pronation
and supination occur at the radioulnar joints.
5. Stepping forward to release a bowling ball involves:
Answer: B – Linear motion
Explanation:
Linear motion occurs when the body moves as a whole in a straight or curved path. When stepping forward, the
entire body translates forward. Although joints may produce angular motion internally, the body’s overall
movement through space is linear motion.
6. Pulling down an overhead bar involves what motion at the shoulder?
Answer: A – Angular motion
Explanation:
Angular motion occurs when a body segment moves around a joint axis. During shoulder movement, the
humerus rotates around the glenohumeral joint. This rotation changes the angle between bones, making it
angular motion rather than linear motion.
7. Increasing a joint angle between two bones is called:
Answer: B – Extension
Explanation:
Extension increases the angle between two bones at a joint. For example, straightening the elbow increases the
angle between the humerus and ulna. This motion generally returns a joint from flexion toward anatomical
position and is fundamental in functional movement.
8. Sliding your foot under a chair involves knee:
Answer: A – Flexion
Explanation:
Knee flexion decreases the angle between the femur and tibia. Sliding the foot backward bends the knee,
reducing the joint angle. Flexion is critical for sitting, walking, and transitioning from sitting to standing
positions.
9. Looking over your left shoulder involves cervical:
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Answer: A – Left rotation
Explanation:
Rotation occurs around a vertical axis. Turning your head to the left rotates the cervical vertebrae leftward. This
movement is produced by coordinated muscular contractions and is essential for visual scanning and
environmental awareness.
10. Scapular protraction moves the scapula:
Answer: D – Lateral
Explanation:
Protraction moves the scapula away from the spine, meaning it travels laterally and slightly anteriorly around
the rib cage. This occurs during pushing movements and reaching forward, involving muscles such as the
serratus anterior.
11. A condition involving both legs is:
Answer: C – Bilateral
Explanation:
Bilateral means occurring on both sides of the body. If both legs are affected, the condition is bilateral.
Ipsilateral refers to the same side, and contralateral refers to the opposite side. Correct terminology is essential
for clinical documentation.
12. Abducting the shoulder to 90° then moving backward is:
Answer: D – Horizontal abduction
Explanation:
Once the arm is abducted to 90 degrees, movement backward in the transverse plane is horizontal abduction.
This motion occurs parallel to the ground and is common in rowing or reverse fly exercises.
PART II: Foundational Anatomical Concepts
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Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy – 7th Edition
Author: Lynn S. Lippert
Chapter 1: Basic Information
With Explanations
PART I: Anatomical Terms & Motion Concepts
1. The fibula is on which side of the lower leg?
Answer: B – Lateral
Explanation (50 words):
The fibula is the thinner bone of the lower leg and lies on the lateral (outer) side relative to the tibia. In
anatomical position, lateral means away from the midline. The tibia is medial, bearing most weight, while the
fibula provides lateral stability and muscle attachment.
2. The ulna is where in relation to the humerus?
Answer: D – Distal
Explanation:
The ulna is located distal to the humerus. Distal refers to a structure farther from the trunk or point of origin.
The humerus forms the upper arm, and the ulna, along with the radius, forms the forearm, articulating with the
humerus at the elbow joint.
3. In anatomical position, the thumb is located where relative to the fingers?
Answer: B – Lateral
Explanation:
In anatomical position, the palms face forward and the thumb points outward. Therefore, the thumb is lateral to
the fingers, meaning it is farther from the midline of the body. This orientation is essential for understanding
hand movements and joint actions clinically.
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TEST BANK for Clinical Kinesiology and
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4. Moving from anatomical to fundamental position, the forearm moves into:
Answer: A – Pronation
Explanation:
Anatomical position has the forearm supinated (palms forward). Fundamental position places palms toward the
body. This requires pronation, a rotational movement of the forearm that turns the palm posteriorly. Pronation
and supination occur at the radioulnar joints.
5. Stepping forward to release a bowling ball involves:
Answer: B – Linear motion
Explanation:
Linear motion occurs when the body moves as a whole in a straight or curved path. When stepping forward, the
entire body translates forward. Although joints may produce angular motion internally, the body’s overall
movement through space is linear motion.
6. Pulling down an overhead bar involves what motion at the shoulder?
Answer: A – Angular motion
Explanation:
Angular motion occurs when a body segment moves around a joint axis. During shoulder movement, the
humerus rotates around the glenohumeral joint. This rotation changes the angle between bones, making it
angular motion rather than linear motion.
7. Increasing a joint angle between two bones is called:
Answer: B – Extension
Explanation:
Extension increases the angle between two bones at a joint. For example, straightening the elbow increases the
angle between the humerus and ulna. This motion generally returns a joint from flexion toward anatomical
position and is fundamental in functional movement.
8. Sliding your foot under a chair involves knee:
Answer: A – Flexion
Explanation:
Knee flexion decreases the angle between the femur and tibia. Sliding the foot backward bends the knee,
reducing the joint angle. Flexion is critical for sitting, walking, and transitioning from sitting to standing
positions.
9. Looking over your left shoulder involves cervical:
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by Lippert Lynn.pdf
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Answer: A – Left rotation
Explanation:
Rotation occurs around a vertical axis. Turning your head to the left rotates the cervical vertebrae leftward. This
movement is produced by coordinated muscular contractions and is essential for visual scanning and
environmental awareness.
10. Scapular protraction moves the scapula:
Answer: D – Lateral
Explanation:
Protraction moves the scapula away from the spine, meaning it travels laterally and slightly anteriorly around
the rib cage. This occurs during pushing movements and reaching forward, involving muscles such as the
serratus anterior.
11. A condition involving both legs is:
Answer: C – Bilateral
Explanation:
Bilateral means occurring on both sides of the body. If both legs are affected, the condition is bilateral.
Ipsilateral refers to the same side, and contralateral refers to the opposite side. Correct terminology is essential
for clinical documentation.
12. Abducting the shoulder to 90° then moving backward is:
Answer: D – Horizontal abduction
Explanation:
Once the arm is abducted to 90 degrees, movement backward in the transverse plane is horizontal abduction.
This motion occurs parallel to the ground and is common in rowing or reverse fly exercises.
PART II: Foundational Anatomical Concepts
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