Guaranteed pass in HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology questions and answers

What is the primary function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells? ️️ It stores and releases calcium ions to regulate muscle contraction How does simple diffusion differ from facilitated diffusion? ️️ Simple diffusion requires no transport proteins, while facilitated diffusion uses protein channels or carriers What structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing? ️️ The epiglottis What is the main role of the hypothalamus? ️️ It maintains homeostasis by regulating temperature, hunger, and hormone release Which blood cells are primarily responsible for clot formation? ️️ Platelets What type of tissue lines body cavities and covers organs? ️️ Epithelial tissue What is the function of the loop of Henle in the kidney? ️️ It concentrates urine by reabsorbing water and salts Which organelle is responsible for ATP production? ️️ Mitochondria What is the main component of the cell membrane? ️️ Phospholipid bilayer Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels? ️️ Insulin What structure connects muscle to bone? ️️ Tendon What is the function of hemoglobin? ️️ It transports oxygen in the blood Which part of the brain controls voluntary movement? ️️ Cerebrum What is the role of the large intestine? ️️ It absorbs water and forms feces Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption? ️️ Vitamin D What type of joint allows movement in one plane only? ️️ Hinge joint What is the primary function of red blood cells? ️️ To carry oxygen 2 What does the term “homeostasis” mean? ️️ Maintaining a stable internal environment What structure in the neuron carries impulses away from the cell body? ️️ Axon What is the function of bile? ️️ It emulsifies fats for digestion Which gland produces melatonin? ️️ Pineal gland What is the basic unit of life? ️️ The cell Which part of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body? ️️ Left ventricle What type of muscle is found in the heart? ️️ Cardiac muscle What is the function of the alveoli? ️️ Gas exchange in the lungs Which mineral is important for nerve impulse transmission? ️️ Sodium What is the role of the pancreas in digestion? ️️ It secretes digestive enzymes What type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? ️️ Artery What is the function of the cerebellum? ️️ Coordination and balance Which part of the nephron filters blood? ️️ Glomerulus What is the role of ribosomes? ️️ Protein synthesis Which system controls rapid responses in the body? ️️ Nervous system What is the function of the diaphragm? ️️ It aids in breathing by changing thoracic pressure What type of cells produce antibodies? ️️ B lymphocytes What is the function of the thyroid gland? ️️ It regulates metabolism Which structure holds genetic material in the cell? ️️ Nucleus What is the function of synovial fluid? ️️ It lubricates joints Which organ detoxifies chemicals in the body? ️️ Liver What is the primary function of the skin? ️️ Protection and temperature regulation 3 What is the function of the spleen? ️️ It filters blood and supports immune function Which type of tissue connects and supports body parts? ️️ Connective tissue What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration? ️️ It acts as the final electron acceptor What structure in the ear helps maintain balance? ️️ Semicircular canals What is the function of progesterone? ️️ It prepares the uterus for pregnancy Which part of the digestive system absorbs most nutrients? ️️ Small intestine What is the role of enzymes? ️️ They speed up chemical reactions Which blood vessels allow exchange between blood and tissues? ️️ Capillaries What is the function of white blood cells? ️️ Defense against infection Which hormone regulates sleep-wake cycles? ️️ Melatonin What is the function of cartilage? ️️ It provides flexible support and reduces friction Which structure in the eye controls light entry? ️️ Iris What is the function of ATP? ️️ It provides energy for cellular activities Which system transports hormones throughout the body? ️️ Endocrine system What is the function of the esophagus? ️️ It moves food to the stomach Which organ produces insulin? ️️ Pancreas What type of immunity is developed after exposure to a pathogen? ️️ Active immunity What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction? ️️ It enables interaction between actin and myosin Which structure forms the outer covering of bones? ️️ Periosteum What is the function of the adrenal glands? ️️ They produce stress hormones like cortisol Which part of the brain regulates breathing and heart rate? ️️ Medulla oblongata 4 What is the function of lymph nodes? ️️ They filter lymph and trap pathogens Which system removes waste from the body? ️️ Urinary system What is the role of the gallbladder? ️️ It stores and concentrates bile What is the function of the cornea? ️️ It helps focus light entering the eye Which cells break down bone tissue? ️️ Osteoclasts What is the function of the trachea? ️️ It conducts air to the