WGU C 952 Computer Architecture Actual Exam
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Register File
ANSWER:
A state element that consists of a set of registers that can be read
and written by supplying a register number to be accessed.
provides 1024 scalar 32-bit registers for up to 64 threads.
machine language
ANSWER:
The language made up of binary-coded instructions that is used
directly by the computer
Assembly Language
ANSWER:
Programming language that has the same structure and set of
commands as machine languages but allows programmers to use
symbolic representations of numeric machine code.
system software
ANSWER:
,The set of programs that enables a computer's hardware devices
and application software to work together; it includes the operating
system and utility programs.
operating system
ANSWER:
(computer science) software that controls the execution of computer
programs and may provide various services
IBM 360/91
ANSWER:
Introduced many new concepts, including dynamic detection of
memory hazards, generalized forwarding, and reservation stations.
Tomasulo's algorithm
The internal organization of the 360/91 shares many features with
the Pentium III and Pentium 4, as well as with several other
microprocessors. One major difference was that there was no
branch prediction in the 360/91 and hence no speculation. Another
major difference was that there was no commit unit, so once the
instructions finished execution, they updated the registers.
Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)
ANSWER:
Memory built as an integrated circuit; it provides random access to
any location. Access times are 50 nanoseconds and cost per
gigabyte in 2012 was $5 to $10.
Multiple DRAMs are used together to contain the instructions and
data of a program. In contrast to sequential access memories, such
as magnetic tapes, the RAM portion of the term DRAM means that
memory accesses take basically the same amount of time no matter
what portion of the memory is read.
,Modern DRAMS consist of rows in each bank
frame buffering
ANSWER:
A portion of RAM containing a bitmap that drives a video display. It is
a memory buffer containing a complete frame of data.
The image to be represented onscreen is stored in the frame buffer,
and the bit pattern per pixel is read out to the graphics display at the
refresh rate. The animation below shows a frame buffer with a
simplified design of just 4 bits per pixel.
Datapath
ANSWER:
The component of the processor that performs arithmetic operations
Control
ANSWER:
The component of the processor that commands the datapath,
memory, and I/O devices according to the instructions of the
program.
Integrated circuit
ANSWER:
Also called a chip. A device combining dozens to millions of
transistors.
Central processor unit (CPU)
ANSWER:
Also called processor. The active part of the computer, which
contains the datapath and control and which adds numbers, tests
numbers, signals I/O devices to activate, and so on.
, Static random access memory (SRAM)
ANSWER:
Also memory built as an integrated circuit, but faster and less dense
than DRAM.
Instruction set architecture
ANSWER:
Also called architecture. An abstract interface between the
hardware and the lowest-level software that encompasses all the
information necessary to write a machine language program that will
run correctly, including instructions, registers, memory access, I/O,
and so on.
Application binary interface (ABI)
ANSWER:
The user portion of the instruction set plus the operating system
interfaces used by application programmers. It defines a standard
for binary portability across computers.
Volatile memory
ANSWER:
Storage, such as DRAM, that retains data only if it is receiving
power.
Nonvolatile Memory
ANSWER:
A form of memory that retains data even in the absence of a power
source and that is used to store programs between runs. A DVD disk
is nonvolatile.
Magnetic disk
ANSWER:
Questions and Well Verified Answers| Most Highly
Tested Questions | 100% Accurate and Guarantee Pass
| Graded A+ , High Yield Questions& Answers |Newest
Version and Latest Exam| Rationalized
Register File
ANSWER:
A state element that consists of a set of registers that can be read
and written by supplying a register number to be accessed.
provides 1024 scalar 32-bit registers for up to 64 threads.
machine language
ANSWER:
The language made up of binary-coded instructions that is used
directly by the computer
Assembly Language
ANSWER:
Programming language that has the same structure and set of
commands as machine languages but allows programmers to use
symbolic representations of numeric machine code.
system software
ANSWER:
,The set of programs that enables a computer's hardware devices
and application software to work together; it includes the operating
system and utility programs.
operating system
ANSWER:
(computer science) software that controls the execution of computer
programs and may provide various services
IBM 360/91
ANSWER:
Introduced many new concepts, including dynamic detection of
memory hazards, generalized forwarding, and reservation stations.
Tomasulo's algorithm
The internal organization of the 360/91 shares many features with
the Pentium III and Pentium 4, as well as with several other
microprocessors. One major difference was that there was no
branch prediction in the 360/91 and hence no speculation. Another
major difference was that there was no commit unit, so once the
instructions finished execution, they updated the registers.
Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)
ANSWER:
Memory built as an integrated circuit; it provides random access to
any location. Access times are 50 nanoseconds and cost per
gigabyte in 2012 was $5 to $10.
Multiple DRAMs are used together to contain the instructions and
data of a program. In contrast to sequential access memories, such
as magnetic tapes, the RAM portion of the term DRAM means that
memory accesses take basically the same amount of time no matter
what portion of the memory is read.
,Modern DRAMS consist of rows in each bank
frame buffering
ANSWER:
A portion of RAM containing a bitmap that drives a video display. It is
a memory buffer containing a complete frame of data.
The image to be represented onscreen is stored in the frame buffer,
and the bit pattern per pixel is read out to the graphics display at the
refresh rate. The animation below shows a frame buffer with a
simplified design of just 4 bits per pixel.
Datapath
ANSWER:
The component of the processor that performs arithmetic operations
Control
ANSWER:
The component of the processor that commands the datapath,
memory, and I/O devices according to the instructions of the
program.
Integrated circuit
ANSWER:
Also called a chip. A device combining dozens to millions of
transistors.
Central processor unit (CPU)
ANSWER:
Also called processor. The active part of the computer, which
contains the datapath and control and which adds numbers, tests
numbers, signals I/O devices to activate, and so on.
, Static random access memory (SRAM)
ANSWER:
Also memory built as an integrated circuit, but faster and less dense
than DRAM.
Instruction set architecture
ANSWER:
Also called architecture. An abstract interface between the
hardware and the lowest-level software that encompasses all the
information necessary to write a machine language program that will
run correctly, including instructions, registers, memory access, I/O,
and so on.
Application binary interface (ABI)
ANSWER:
The user portion of the instruction set plus the operating system
interfaces used by application programmers. It defines a standard
for binary portability across computers.
Volatile memory
ANSWER:
Storage, such as DRAM, that retains data only if it is receiving
power.
Nonvolatile Memory
ANSWER:
A form of memory that retains data even in the absence of a power
source and that is used to store programs between runs. A DVD disk
is nonvolatile.
Magnetic disk
ANSWER:
