ISSA CERTIFICATION CPT EXAMINATION FINAL
EXAM 2026 BANK COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS / ISSA FINAL EXAM LATEST
UPDATE THIS YEAR
What is the process of breaking triglycerides down into fatty acids to be
converted to acetyl-CoA during aerobic metabolism called? - CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔ - beta-oxidation
What is the primary muscle involved in pulmonary ventilation? - CORRECT
ANSWER ✔✔ - diaphragm
Which two macronutrients are the most preferred sources of energy in the body?
- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - carbohydrate and fat
What is the name of the heart valves located between the atria and ventricles
that keep blood moving in only one direction? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -
atrioventricular (AV) valves
Which glands of the endocrine system produce and release substances through
ducts or openings on the body's surfaces? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - exocrine
glands
Where in the cell do the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain occur? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - mitochondria
Pg. 1
,The calcaneus is an example of what type of bone? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -
short bone
What is the condition of low blood pressure measuring 90/60 mm Hg or less? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - hypotension
Which endocrine hormone promotes the release of glucose from the liver and
into the bloodstream? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - glucagon
What term is described as the volume of blood the left ventricle pushes out in a
single heartbeat? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - stroke volume
What muscle fiber arrangement can be seen in the soleus muscle? - CORRECT
ANSWER ✔✔ - bipennate muscle
Which type of blood cells make up approximately 40 percent of blood volume? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - red blood cells
Which classification of neurons communicates tactile, auditory, and visual
information? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - sensory neurons
Which type of neuron sends information from the central nervous system to the
muscles to generate movement? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - efferent neuron
Muscle cells contain which cellular fluid that is NOT a part of other human cells? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - sarcoplasm
Pg. 2
,Which type of muscle fiber derives its energy primarily from aerobic energy
pathways? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - type I muscle fibers
Which of the following is an effect of short-term cortisol elevation in the body? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - reduces inflammation
In the ATP/CP energy pathway, what molecule lends a phosphate group to ADP to
regenerate ATP for future energy needs? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - creatine
phosphate (CP)
Which of the following is a common site to measure the pulse in humans? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - radial artery
Which type of muscle is the primary muscle tissue found in human organs? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - smooth muscle
During pulmonary circulation, which heart valve does blood pass through first? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - tricuspid valve
In the alveoli of the lungs, air crosses into and out of the capillaries by what
process? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - diffusion
Lactic acid has been found to have many functions in the body, including which of
the following? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - It can promote the metabolism of
glucose and glycogen over fats for faster energy production
Pg. 3
, What does the anatomical term "caudal" mean? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -
toward the bottom
In what plane of motion does elbow flexion occur? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -
sagittal
How many vertebrae are present in the thoracic portion of a human spine? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - 12
Which term describes movement toward the midline of the body? - CORRECT
ANSWER ✔✔ - adduction
What muscle fiber arrangement can be seen in the pectoralis major muscle? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - convergent muscle
What type of supplement can elevate heart rate, body temperature, and blood
pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - stimulant
Approximately what portion of the body's total water is intracellular? - CORRECT
ANSWER ✔✔ - 2/3 of the body's total water
What range on the glycemic index (GI) corresponds to a high glycemic impact
food? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - 70 and above
According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which of the following should
be limited in the diet to promote optimal health? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -
added sugar
Pg. 4
EXAM 2026 BANK COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS / ISSA FINAL EXAM LATEST
UPDATE THIS YEAR
What is the process of breaking triglycerides down into fatty acids to be
converted to acetyl-CoA during aerobic metabolism called? - CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔ - beta-oxidation
What is the primary muscle involved in pulmonary ventilation? - CORRECT
ANSWER ✔✔ - diaphragm
Which two macronutrients are the most preferred sources of energy in the body?
- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - carbohydrate and fat
What is the name of the heart valves located between the atria and ventricles
that keep blood moving in only one direction? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -
atrioventricular (AV) valves
Which glands of the endocrine system produce and release substances through
ducts or openings on the body's surfaces? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - exocrine
glands
Where in the cell do the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain occur? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - mitochondria
Pg. 1
,The calcaneus is an example of what type of bone? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -
short bone
What is the condition of low blood pressure measuring 90/60 mm Hg or less? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - hypotension
Which endocrine hormone promotes the release of glucose from the liver and
into the bloodstream? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - glucagon
What term is described as the volume of blood the left ventricle pushes out in a
single heartbeat? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - stroke volume
What muscle fiber arrangement can be seen in the soleus muscle? - CORRECT
ANSWER ✔✔ - bipennate muscle
Which type of blood cells make up approximately 40 percent of blood volume? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - red blood cells
Which classification of neurons communicates tactile, auditory, and visual
information? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - sensory neurons
Which type of neuron sends information from the central nervous system to the
muscles to generate movement? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - efferent neuron
Muscle cells contain which cellular fluid that is NOT a part of other human cells? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - sarcoplasm
Pg. 2
,Which type of muscle fiber derives its energy primarily from aerobic energy
pathways? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - type I muscle fibers
Which of the following is an effect of short-term cortisol elevation in the body? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - reduces inflammation
In the ATP/CP energy pathway, what molecule lends a phosphate group to ADP to
regenerate ATP for future energy needs? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - creatine
phosphate (CP)
Which of the following is a common site to measure the pulse in humans? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - radial artery
Which type of muscle is the primary muscle tissue found in human organs? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - smooth muscle
During pulmonary circulation, which heart valve does blood pass through first? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - tricuspid valve
In the alveoli of the lungs, air crosses into and out of the capillaries by what
process? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - diffusion
Lactic acid has been found to have many functions in the body, including which of
the following? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - It can promote the metabolism of
glucose and glycogen over fats for faster energy production
Pg. 3
, What does the anatomical term "caudal" mean? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -
toward the bottom
In what plane of motion does elbow flexion occur? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -
sagittal
How many vertebrae are present in the thoracic portion of a human spine? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - 12
Which term describes movement toward the midline of the body? - CORRECT
ANSWER ✔✔ - adduction
What muscle fiber arrangement can be seen in the pectoralis major muscle? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - convergent muscle
What type of supplement can elevate heart rate, body temperature, and blood
pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - stimulant
Approximately what portion of the body's total water is intracellular? - CORRECT
ANSWER ✔✔ - 2/3 of the body's total water
What range on the glycemic index (GI) corresponds to a high glycemic impact
food? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ - 70 and above
According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which of the following should
be limited in the diet to promote optimal health? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -
added sugar
Pg. 4
