Exam 3 NR 341 Complex adult health
rated A 2026
Renal Failure - correct answer ✅
Occurs when kidneys cannot remove the body's
metabolic wastes or perform regulatory functions.
Acute Kidney Injury - correct answer
damage to the kidneys
✅ rapid loss of renal function due to
Causes of AKI - correct answer ✅ Hypovolemia
Hypotension
Infections
decreased cardiac output and heart failure
Obstruction of the kidney or lower urinary tract
Blood clot or renal stones (rare)
Obstruction of renal arteries or veins
Nephrotoxic agents
Types of AKI - correct answer
blood to kidney
✅ Prerenal - hypoperfusion of kidney, not enough
Intrarenal - actual damage to glomeruli or kidney tubules
Postrenal - urinary obstruction that impedes forward flow (tumor, stone)
answer ✅
Pt has increased creatinine level and increased BUN, what is the issue? - correct
Problem with kidney perfusion
correct answer ✅
Pt has increased creatinine and increased BUN, what are the nursing priorities? -
Check urine output
,Exam 3 NR 341 Complex adult health
rated A 2026
Check specific gravity - filtration/how concentrated
Fixed specific gravity - correct answer
urine/accommodate
✅ Kidney damage - can't dilute
Specific gravity lab value - correct answer ✅ 1.005-1.030
Lab values to monitor for kidney function - correct answer
creatinine clearance, GFR, specific gravity, UA
✅ BUN, creatinine,
Adult urine output - correct answer ✅ 30 mL/hr
What lab increases during dehydration? - correct answer ✅ BUN
Normal Na levels - correct answer ✅ 135-145 mEq/L
signs of hyponatremia - correct answer ✅
Anorexia, nausea, cramps, fatigue,
lethargy, muscle weakness, headache, confusion, seizures, decreased blood
pressure
AKI prerenal causes - correct answer ✅ Volume depletion
Decreased cardiac output
Vasodilation
, Exam 3 NR 341 Complex adult health
rated A 2026
AKI intrarenal causes - correct answer ✅ Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
Prolonged renal ischemia
Nephrotoxic agents
Infectious process
AKI postrenal causes - correct answer ✅Urinary tract obstruction
Tumors, calculus (stones)
AKI phases - correct answer ✅ Onset - initial problem
Oliguria - urine output <400ml/24 hrs, accompanied by increase in serum
concentration of substances usually excreted by kidneys
Diuresis - gradual increase in urine output, daily urine output 1-3 L per day (due to
osmotic diuresis) signals that filtration has started to recover, kidneys have
recovered ability to excrete wastes but not to concentrate the urine, observe
closely for hyponatremia, hypokalemia, dehydration
Recovery - signals the improvement of renal function (increasing GFR), may take 3-
12 months
AKI symptoms - correct answer ✅ Lethargic
Drowsiness
Headache
Muscle twitching
Seizures
rated A 2026
Renal Failure - correct answer ✅
Occurs when kidneys cannot remove the body's
metabolic wastes or perform regulatory functions.
Acute Kidney Injury - correct answer
damage to the kidneys
✅ rapid loss of renal function due to
Causes of AKI - correct answer ✅ Hypovolemia
Hypotension
Infections
decreased cardiac output and heart failure
Obstruction of the kidney or lower urinary tract
Blood clot or renal stones (rare)
Obstruction of renal arteries or veins
Nephrotoxic agents
Types of AKI - correct answer
blood to kidney
✅ Prerenal - hypoperfusion of kidney, not enough
Intrarenal - actual damage to glomeruli or kidney tubules
Postrenal - urinary obstruction that impedes forward flow (tumor, stone)
answer ✅
Pt has increased creatinine level and increased BUN, what is the issue? - correct
Problem with kidney perfusion
correct answer ✅
Pt has increased creatinine and increased BUN, what are the nursing priorities? -
Check urine output
,Exam 3 NR 341 Complex adult health
rated A 2026
Check specific gravity - filtration/how concentrated
Fixed specific gravity - correct answer
urine/accommodate
✅ Kidney damage - can't dilute
Specific gravity lab value - correct answer ✅ 1.005-1.030
Lab values to monitor for kidney function - correct answer
creatinine clearance, GFR, specific gravity, UA
✅ BUN, creatinine,
Adult urine output - correct answer ✅ 30 mL/hr
What lab increases during dehydration? - correct answer ✅ BUN
Normal Na levels - correct answer ✅ 135-145 mEq/L
signs of hyponatremia - correct answer ✅
Anorexia, nausea, cramps, fatigue,
lethargy, muscle weakness, headache, confusion, seizures, decreased blood
pressure
AKI prerenal causes - correct answer ✅ Volume depletion
Decreased cardiac output
Vasodilation
, Exam 3 NR 341 Complex adult health
rated A 2026
AKI intrarenal causes - correct answer ✅ Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
Prolonged renal ischemia
Nephrotoxic agents
Infectious process
AKI postrenal causes - correct answer ✅Urinary tract obstruction
Tumors, calculus (stones)
AKI phases - correct answer ✅ Onset - initial problem
Oliguria - urine output <400ml/24 hrs, accompanied by increase in serum
concentration of substances usually excreted by kidneys
Diuresis - gradual increase in urine output, daily urine output 1-3 L per day (due to
osmotic diuresis) signals that filtration has started to recover, kidneys have
recovered ability to excrete wastes but not to concentrate the urine, observe
closely for hyponatremia, hypokalemia, dehydration
Recovery - signals the improvement of renal function (increasing GFR), may take 3-
12 months
AKI symptoms - correct answer ✅ Lethargic
Drowsiness
Headache
Muscle twitching
Seizures
