COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉Prednisone. Answer: Glucocorticoid
- DM2, decreased immunity, F/E imbalance, HTN, osteoporosis,
glaucoma
◉Rheumatoid arthritis Labs. Answer: -X-ray = most specific test
(erosions, articular demineralization, joint space narrow)
-Anti-CCP
-ANA (low titers in 20%)
-ESR = elevated
-CRP = elevated
-Anemia
◉What is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?. Answer: A chronic
autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting collagen in skin, joints,
and internal organs.
, ◉What are some common symptoms of systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE)?. Answer: Butterfly rash, muscle atrophy, fever
(common sign of flare up), osteonecrosis, renal involvement,
pericarditis, liver disease
◉Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reactions. Answer: - most common
- peanuts, latex, shellfish pollen, etc
- IgE antibody with antigen lands on mast cells, causing it to release
histamine (causes capillaries to leak)
- can cause anaphylaxis, angioedema, wheezing, bronchconstriction
◉Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reaction. Answer: cytotoxic (transfusion
reaction, HDFN)
- reaction of IgG with host cell membrane or antigen absorbed by
host cell
- E. fetalis
◉Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction. Answer: Immune complex
(SLE, RA, Lupus)
- antigen and antibody form in the walls of blood vessels causing
inflammation
◉Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction. Answer: T-cell dependent
(TB test, poision ivy)