fscJ NUR 1023C EXAM 3: 2026.
fscJ NUR 1023C EXAM 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g4zzqm
Normal sodium levels 135-145 mEq/L
normal potassium levels 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Normal calcium levels 9-11 mg/dL
Normal magnesium levels 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
normal chloride levels 98-106 mEq/L
V/D, confusion, hypotension, edema,
Hyponatremia S/Sx muscle cramps, weakness and dry
skin.
Neurologic impairment, restless-
ness, agitation, weakness, disorien-
Hypernatremia S/SX
tation, delusions, hallucinations and
seizures.
Vomiting, diarrhea, fistulas, sweating,
causes of Hyponatremia
diuretics or use of 0.45% NaCl
Fluid deprivation, lack of fluid con-
causes of Hypernatremia sumption, diarrhea, excess insensible
water loss, excess water loss, rapid
4/9/2026, 12:41:43 PM 4/9/2026, 12:41:41 PM 4/9/2026, 12:41:40 PM
, fscJ NUR 1023C EXAM 3: 2026.
fscJ NUR 1023C EXAM 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g4zzqm
or excessive administration of sodi-
um-containing IV solutions
Fluid replacement/ restriction
Nursing interventions for Hyper/Hy-
Low-Sodium dietary restrictions
ponatremia
Diuretics
-Controls intracellular osmolality Reg-
ulator of cellular enzyme activity
-Role in the transmission of electrical
impulses in nerve, heart, skeletal, in-
testinal, and lung tissue;
Potassium (K+) does what in the body
-Regulated by aldosterone Eliminated
by the kidneys
-Additional regulation via transcellular
shift between the ICF and ECF com-
partments
A variety of cardiac irregularities may
result, including cardiac arrest if hy-
hyperkalemia S/SX perkalemia is not corrected
V-fib, v-tach, deadly arrhythmias
Hyperkalemia- it can lead to irregular
4/9/2026, 12:41:43 PM 4/9/2026, 12:41:41 PM 4/9/2026, 12:41:40 PM
, fscJ NUR 1023C EXAM 3: 2026.
fscJ NUR 1023C EXAM 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g4zzqm
heartbeat (arrhythmia), muscle weak-
ness, fatigue, nausea, and in severe
cases, even cardiac arrest
Excess potassium may result from
renal failure, hypoaldosteronism, or
the use of certain medications such
as potassium chloride, heparin, an-
Hyperkalemia
giotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
inhibitors, nonsteroidal antiinflamma-
tory drugs (NSAIDs), and potassi-
um-sparing diuretics.
muscle weakness, cramps, irregular
heartbeat, and fatigue, primarily af-
hypokalemia S/SX fecting muscle function and heart
rhythm due to potassium's role in
electrical signaling within the body.
hypokalemia
4/9/2026, 12:41:43 PM 4/9/2026, 12:41:41 PM 4/9/2026, 12:41:40 PM
fscJ NUR 1023C EXAM 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g4zzqm
Normal sodium levels 135-145 mEq/L
normal potassium levels 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Normal calcium levels 9-11 mg/dL
Normal magnesium levels 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
normal chloride levels 98-106 mEq/L
V/D, confusion, hypotension, edema,
Hyponatremia S/Sx muscle cramps, weakness and dry
skin.
Neurologic impairment, restless-
ness, agitation, weakness, disorien-
Hypernatremia S/SX
tation, delusions, hallucinations and
seizures.
Vomiting, diarrhea, fistulas, sweating,
causes of Hyponatremia
diuretics or use of 0.45% NaCl
Fluid deprivation, lack of fluid con-
causes of Hypernatremia sumption, diarrhea, excess insensible
water loss, excess water loss, rapid
4/9/2026, 12:41:43 PM 4/9/2026, 12:41:41 PM 4/9/2026, 12:41:40 PM
, fscJ NUR 1023C EXAM 3: 2026.
fscJ NUR 1023C EXAM 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g4zzqm
or excessive administration of sodi-
um-containing IV solutions
Fluid replacement/ restriction
Nursing interventions for Hyper/Hy-
Low-Sodium dietary restrictions
ponatremia
Diuretics
-Controls intracellular osmolality Reg-
ulator of cellular enzyme activity
-Role in the transmission of electrical
impulses in nerve, heart, skeletal, in-
testinal, and lung tissue;
Potassium (K+) does what in the body
-Regulated by aldosterone Eliminated
by the kidneys
-Additional regulation via transcellular
shift between the ICF and ECF com-
partments
A variety of cardiac irregularities may
result, including cardiac arrest if hy-
hyperkalemia S/SX perkalemia is not corrected
V-fib, v-tach, deadly arrhythmias
Hyperkalemia- it can lead to irregular
4/9/2026, 12:41:43 PM 4/9/2026, 12:41:41 PM 4/9/2026, 12:41:40 PM
, fscJ NUR 1023C EXAM 3: 2026.
fscJ NUR 1023C EXAM 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g4zzqm
heartbeat (arrhythmia), muscle weak-
ness, fatigue, nausea, and in severe
cases, even cardiac arrest
Excess potassium may result from
renal failure, hypoaldosteronism, or
the use of certain medications such
as potassium chloride, heparin, an-
Hyperkalemia
giotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
inhibitors, nonsteroidal antiinflamma-
tory drugs (NSAIDs), and potassi-
um-sparing diuretics.
muscle weakness, cramps, irregular
heartbeat, and fatigue, primarily af-
hypokalemia S/SX fecting muscle function and heart
rhythm due to potassium's role in
electrical signaling within the body.
hypokalemia
4/9/2026, 12:41:43 PM 4/9/2026, 12:41:41 PM 4/9/2026, 12:41:40 PM
