Fundamentals oF nursing test Bank (300Q)
(MCQs + Answers + Rationales)
1. A nurse is caring for a patient at risk for aspiration. Which intervention
is most appropriate?
A. Place patient in supine position
B. Elevate head of bed to 30–45°
C. Restrict fluids
D. Encourage rapid eating
Answer: B
Rationale: Elevating the head reduces risk of aspiration by preventing
reflux.
2. Which action is the nurse’s priority when administering medication?
A. Documentation
B. Patient education
C. Correct identification
D. Cost effectiveness
Answer: C
Rationale: Correct patient identification prevents medication errors.
3. A patient reports severe pain (8/10). What is the first nursing action?
A. Administer analgesic
B. Reassess later
C. Document pain
D. Assess pain characteristics
Answer: D
Rationale: Assessment must be done before intervention.
4. Which finding requires immediate action?
,A. BP 120/80
B. Pulse 72
C. Respiratory rate 8
D. Temp 37°C
Answer: C
Rationale: Low respiration indicates possible respiratory depression.
5. What is the most effective way to prevent infection?
A. Antibiotics
B. Vaccination
C. Hand hygiene
D. Isolation
Answer: C
Rationale: Hand hygiene is the single most effective method.
6. A nurse notices a patient becoming confused suddenly. What should
be done first?
A. Notify doctor
B. Check oxygen saturation
C. Give medication
D. Restrain patient
Answer: B
Rationale: Sudden confusion may indicate hypoxia.
7. Which position is best for a patient with breathing difficulty?
A. Supine
B. Fowler’s
C. Trendelenburg
D. Prone
Answer: B
Rationale: Fowler’s position improves lung expansion.
,8. What is the first step of the nursing process?
A. Diagnosis
B. Planning
C. Assessment
D. Evaluation
Answer: C
Rationale: Assessment provides baseline data.
9. Which is an example of objective data?
A. Pain level
B. Nausea
C. Blood pressure
D. Dizziness
Answer: C
Rationale: Objective data is measurable.
10. What indicates hypoxia?
A. Pink skin
B. Cyanosis
C. Warm extremities
D. Normal breathing
Answer: B
Rationale: Cyanosis shows low oxygen levels.
11. Which patient should the nurse assess first?
A. Fever 38°C
B. Chest pain
C. Headache
D. Mild cough
, Answer: B
Rationale: Chest pain may indicate cardiac emergency.
12. What is tachycardia?
A. HR <60
B. HR >100
C. Irregular HR
D. Weak pulse
Answer: B
Rationale: Tachycardia = fast heart rate.
13. What is the normal respiratory rate?
A. 5–10
B. 12–20
C. 20–30
D. 30–40
Answer: B
Rationale: Normal adult range.
14. A nurse is using PPE. What is its purpose?
A. Comfort
B. Safety
C. Fashion
D. Cost
Answer: B
Rationale: PPE prevents infection spread.
15. Which action ensures patient safety?
A. Leaving bed rails down
B. Proper identification
C. Ignoring alarms
(MCQs + Answers + Rationales)
1. A nurse is caring for a patient at risk for aspiration. Which intervention
is most appropriate?
A. Place patient in supine position
B. Elevate head of bed to 30–45°
C. Restrict fluids
D. Encourage rapid eating
Answer: B
Rationale: Elevating the head reduces risk of aspiration by preventing
reflux.
2. Which action is the nurse’s priority when administering medication?
A. Documentation
B. Patient education
C. Correct identification
D. Cost effectiveness
Answer: C
Rationale: Correct patient identification prevents medication errors.
3. A patient reports severe pain (8/10). What is the first nursing action?
A. Administer analgesic
B. Reassess later
C. Document pain
D. Assess pain characteristics
Answer: D
Rationale: Assessment must be done before intervention.
4. Which finding requires immediate action?
,A. BP 120/80
B. Pulse 72
C. Respiratory rate 8
D. Temp 37°C
Answer: C
Rationale: Low respiration indicates possible respiratory depression.
5. What is the most effective way to prevent infection?
A. Antibiotics
B. Vaccination
C. Hand hygiene
D. Isolation
Answer: C
Rationale: Hand hygiene is the single most effective method.
6. A nurse notices a patient becoming confused suddenly. What should
be done first?
A. Notify doctor
B. Check oxygen saturation
C. Give medication
D. Restrain patient
Answer: B
Rationale: Sudden confusion may indicate hypoxia.
7. Which position is best for a patient with breathing difficulty?
A. Supine
B. Fowler’s
C. Trendelenburg
D. Prone
Answer: B
Rationale: Fowler’s position improves lung expansion.
,8. What is the first step of the nursing process?
A. Diagnosis
B. Planning
C. Assessment
D. Evaluation
Answer: C
Rationale: Assessment provides baseline data.
9. Which is an example of objective data?
A. Pain level
B. Nausea
C. Blood pressure
D. Dizziness
Answer: C
Rationale: Objective data is measurable.
10. What indicates hypoxia?
A. Pink skin
B. Cyanosis
C. Warm extremities
D. Normal breathing
Answer: B
Rationale: Cyanosis shows low oxygen levels.
11. Which patient should the nurse assess first?
A. Fever 38°C
B. Chest pain
C. Headache
D. Mild cough
, Answer: B
Rationale: Chest pain may indicate cardiac emergency.
12. What is tachycardia?
A. HR <60
B. HR >100
C. Irregular HR
D. Weak pulse
Answer: B
Rationale: Tachycardia = fast heart rate.
13. What is the normal respiratory rate?
A. 5–10
B. 12–20
C. 20–30
D. 30–40
Answer: B
Rationale: Normal adult range.
14. A nurse is using PPE. What is its purpose?
A. Comfort
B. Safety
C. Fashion
D. Cost
Answer: B
Rationale: PPE prevents infection spread.
15. Which action ensures patient safety?
A. Leaving bed rails down
B. Proper identification
C. Ignoring alarms
