NES 051 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE:
ELEMENTARY EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
Erikson's Theory of Development - ANS Individuals experience 8 "crises" throughout their
lives. These help develop a person's sense of self.
For elementary children, they face industry v. inferiority
How to encourage Erikson's "industry" - ANS Make sure students have realistic goals
Let students show independence
Provide support to discourages students
PIaget's Theory of Development - ANS Infants use sensory and reflexes to engage with their
environments and learn
There are 4 stages which lead from pre-operational to concrete-operational
Pre-operational VS Concrete (Piaget) - ANS Concrete operational students can think logically
about concrete, real-life objects but cannot reason abstractly
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,How to foster a concrete-operational child - ANS Use concrete ops and visual aids
Allow students to manipulate objects
Brief and organized instruction
Build upon past knowledge
Foster problem solving
Vygotsky Theory of Development - ANS Knowledge develops through interaction with their
environment and their culture
Zone of Proximal Development: Individuals learn the best when challenged to learn with the
assistance a better skilled individual
Applying Vygotsky - ANS Scaffold: Use different resources, models, and props to aid and
accent learning
Provide resources to support thinking
Utilize a student's understanding of their culture
Utilize collaboration and engagement
Kholberg's theory of development - ANS Focused on moral reasoning. Where students make
decisions based on whether or not they'll receive a reward or punishment
Their moral reasoning is relevant to what everyone else believes
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Supporting moral and personal development - ANS Help students with problems they may
face in school (rivalries or teasing)
Help students see the perspectives of others (role playing)
Connect values to actions
Value the privacy of others
Foster proper listening (small groups)
Utilize a consistent disciplinary system
Principles of Child Development - ANS Teaching should help students grow across all domains
(playing with math; science with writing)
Children develop in a predictable sequence
Development occurs at different rates
A safe learning environment fosters learning
Development Milestones (Early Adolescence) - ANS Early Adolescence (10-14):
Puberty;
Ability to think abstractly,
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
ELEMENTARY EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
Erikson's Theory of Development - ANS Individuals experience 8 "crises" throughout their
lives. These help develop a person's sense of self.
For elementary children, they face industry v. inferiority
How to encourage Erikson's "industry" - ANS Make sure students have realistic goals
Let students show independence
Provide support to discourages students
PIaget's Theory of Development - ANS Infants use sensory and reflexes to engage with their
environments and learn
There are 4 stages which lead from pre-operational to concrete-operational
Pre-operational VS Concrete (Piaget) - ANS Concrete operational students can think logically
about concrete, real-life objects but cannot reason abstractly
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,How to foster a concrete-operational child - ANS Use concrete ops and visual aids
Allow students to manipulate objects
Brief and organized instruction
Build upon past knowledge
Foster problem solving
Vygotsky Theory of Development - ANS Knowledge develops through interaction with their
environment and their culture
Zone of Proximal Development: Individuals learn the best when challenged to learn with the
assistance a better skilled individual
Applying Vygotsky - ANS Scaffold: Use different resources, models, and props to aid and
accent learning
Provide resources to support thinking
Utilize a student's understanding of their culture
Utilize collaboration and engagement
Kholberg's theory of development - ANS Focused on moral reasoning. Where students make
decisions based on whether or not they'll receive a reward or punishment
Their moral reasoning is relevant to what everyone else believes
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Supporting moral and personal development - ANS Help students with problems they may
face in school (rivalries or teasing)
Help students see the perspectives of others (role playing)
Connect values to actions
Value the privacy of others
Foster proper listening (small groups)
Utilize a consistent disciplinary system
Principles of Child Development - ANS Teaching should help students grow across all domains
(playing with math; science with writing)
Children develop in a predictable sequence
Development occurs at different rates
A safe learning environment fosters learning
Development Milestones (Early Adolescence) - ANS Early Adolescence (10-14):
Puberty;
Ability to think abstractly,
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
