ATPL Human Factors | High-Yield Questions, Answers &
Aviation Exam Prep Guide |100% Verified and updated
,Graded A+ and Well Reviewed | Most Highly Tested
Questions |Newest Version and Latest Exam!!!
46.2.2 Define professionalism.
CORRECT ANSWER:
Professionalism in aviation refers to someone who has:
- Expert and specialised knowledge in the field of aviation
- A high standard of ethics, behaviour and work activities while
carrying out the duties of a pilot
- High morale and motivation and a good attitude towards his/her
work
- A high level of respect and shows appropriate treatment of
relationships with colleagues
- A willingness to learn but also to teach
46.2.4 Distinguish between piloting for personal reasons and for hire
or reward.
CORRECT ANSWER:
Piloting for personal reasons would be using a private pilots licence,
where as piloting for hire or reward would be using a commercial
licence.
46.2.6 Distinguish between safety, effectiveness and efficiency in
terms of pilot responsibilities
CORRECT ANSWER:
,Safety: "The condition of being protected from, or unlikely to cause,
danger, risk, or injury"
Effectiveness: "The degree to which something is successful in
producing a desired result"
Efficient: "Achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted
effort or expense"
46.2.8 List the people to whom a pilot is responsible in carrying out
his or her duties.
CORRECT ANSWER:
- Co-pilot(s)
- Cabin crew
- Other crew
- Passengers
46.2.12 Describe key features of good and safe airmanship.
CORRECT ANSWER:
Someone who has good and safe airmanship is someone who not
only has knowledge and skill but also has awareness of the aircraft,
the environment and of his/her own limitations and capabilities.
Components of good airmanship are:
- Situational awareness
- Common sense
- Discipline
- Minimums
- Risk Management
46.4.2 Define human factors as used in a professional aviation
context.
CORRECT ANSWER:
Human factors is about human performance and human limitations
both in the air and on the ground, it encourages pilots to know
,themselves and is made up of three main parts: aviation medicine,
aviation psychology and aviation ergonomics.
46.4.4 Describe the fundamentals of the SHELL Model in relation to
the interaction of humans with other humans, hardware, information
sources, and the environment.
CORRECT ANSWER:
The SHELL model is used to assist in the understanding of the
relationship between aviation system resources/environment and
the human component in aviation.
The components of the SHELL model are:
SOFTWARE
The interaction between the human operator and the non physical
supporting systems. (e.g. rules and procedures)
HARDWARE
The interaction between human operator and machine (e.g.
ergonomics)
ENVIROMENT
The interaction between human operator and internal and external
environments (e.g. air conditioning and sound proofing)
LIVEWARE (pilot)
The flight crew member who physically operates the aircraft,
including their knowledge, skills, abilities, culture, individual
susceptibility and internal stressors.
LIVEWARE (other humans)
The people who operate outside the flight deck (e.g. ATC, cabin
crew, engineers, ground staff, CAA)
, The components of the SHELL model do not act separately, they all
interact with the central LIVEWARE (pilot) component.
46.4.6 Explain the role of human factors programmes in promoting
aviation safety in flight operations requiring an ATPL
CORRECT ANSWER:
Human factors programmes focus on the faulty interactions of
system components and human errors that lead to aviation
accidents and incidents. Human factors programmes aim to
understand the causes behind these faulty interactions and to
develop new procedures and technologies to eliminate known
weaknesses, while also helping humans to perform better by
addressing their inherent limitations. Human factors programmes
are important in commercial aviation as it proactively looks at ways
we can reduce human error and the role of human error in aviation
accidents or incidents.
46.6.2 Describe the variation of pressure as altitude increases.
CORRECT ANSWER:
An increase in altitude within the atmosphere results in a decrease
of pressure. At sea level the ISA atmospheric pressure is 1013 hPa
dropping to approximately 846 hPa at 5,000ft.
46.6.4 Explain how the partial pressure of oxygen changes as
altitude increases.
CORRECT ANSWER:
The percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere stays the same as the
altitude increases, however as the pressure is decreasing the
number of oxygen molecules is decreasing too. The approximate
partial pressure of oxygen at sea level is 213 hPa this decreases to
178 hPa at 5,000ft.
46.8.2 Describe the physiology of the respiratory system.
Aviation Exam Prep Guide |100% Verified and updated
,Graded A+ and Well Reviewed | Most Highly Tested
Questions |Newest Version and Latest Exam!!!
46.2.2 Define professionalism.
CORRECT ANSWER:
Professionalism in aviation refers to someone who has:
- Expert and specialised knowledge in the field of aviation
- A high standard of ethics, behaviour and work activities while
carrying out the duties of a pilot
- High morale and motivation and a good attitude towards his/her
work
- A high level of respect and shows appropriate treatment of
relationships with colleagues
- A willingness to learn but also to teach
46.2.4 Distinguish between piloting for personal reasons and for hire
or reward.
CORRECT ANSWER:
Piloting for personal reasons would be using a private pilots licence,
where as piloting for hire or reward would be using a commercial
licence.
46.2.6 Distinguish between safety, effectiveness and efficiency in
terms of pilot responsibilities
CORRECT ANSWER:
,Safety: "The condition of being protected from, or unlikely to cause,
danger, risk, or injury"
Effectiveness: "The degree to which something is successful in
producing a desired result"
Efficient: "Achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted
effort or expense"
46.2.8 List the people to whom a pilot is responsible in carrying out
his or her duties.
CORRECT ANSWER:
- Co-pilot(s)
- Cabin crew
- Other crew
- Passengers
46.2.12 Describe key features of good and safe airmanship.
CORRECT ANSWER:
Someone who has good and safe airmanship is someone who not
only has knowledge and skill but also has awareness of the aircraft,
the environment and of his/her own limitations and capabilities.
Components of good airmanship are:
- Situational awareness
- Common sense
- Discipline
- Minimums
- Risk Management
46.4.2 Define human factors as used in a professional aviation
context.
CORRECT ANSWER:
Human factors is about human performance and human limitations
both in the air and on the ground, it encourages pilots to know
,themselves and is made up of three main parts: aviation medicine,
aviation psychology and aviation ergonomics.
46.4.4 Describe the fundamentals of the SHELL Model in relation to
the interaction of humans with other humans, hardware, information
sources, and the environment.
CORRECT ANSWER:
The SHELL model is used to assist in the understanding of the
relationship between aviation system resources/environment and
the human component in aviation.
The components of the SHELL model are:
SOFTWARE
The interaction between the human operator and the non physical
supporting systems. (e.g. rules and procedures)
HARDWARE
The interaction between human operator and machine (e.g.
ergonomics)
ENVIROMENT
The interaction between human operator and internal and external
environments (e.g. air conditioning and sound proofing)
LIVEWARE (pilot)
The flight crew member who physically operates the aircraft,
including their knowledge, skills, abilities, culture, individual
susceptibility and internal stressors.
LIVEWARE (other humans)
The people who operate outside the flight deck (e.g. ATC, cabin
crew, engineers, ground staff, CAA)
, The components of the SHELL model do not act separately, they all
interact with the central LIVEWARE (pilot) component.
46.4.6 Explain the role of human factors programmes in promoting
aviation safety in flight operations requiring an ATPL
CORRECT ANSWER:
Human factors programmes focus on the faulty interactions of
system components and human errors that lead to aviation
accidents and incidents. Human factors programmes aim to
understand the causes behind these faulty interactions and to
develop new procedures and technologies to eliminate known
weaknesses, while also helping humans to perform better by
addressing their inherent limitations. Human factors programmes
are important in commercial aviation as it proactively looks at ways
we can reduce human error and the role of human error in aviation
accidents or incidents.
46.6.2 Describe the variation of pressure as altitude increases.
CORRECT ANSWER:
An increase in altitude within the atmosphere results in a decrease
of pressure. At sea level the ISA atmospheric pressure is 1013 hPa
dropping to approximately 846 hPa at 5,000ft.
46.6.4 Explain how the partial pressure of oxygen changes as
altitude increases.
CORRECT ANSWER:
The percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere stays the same as the
altitude increases, however as the pressure is decreasing the
number of oxygen molecules is decreasing too. The approximate
partial pressure of oxygen at sea level is 213 hPa this decreases to
178 hPa at 5,000ft.
46.8.2 Describe the physiology of the respiratory system.
