C721 CHANGE MANAGEMENT ACTUAL EXAM
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ Define Management. Answer: the process of working with and
through people to achieve organizational goals
◉ 2 essential pieces in organizations that must be integrated effectively
to lead to high performance. Answer: Management and Leadership
◉ What are the traits of an effective change leader? Answer: They
define themselves as a change leader, embrace risk instead of being
adverse to risk as part of the change process
◉ Organizational Development. Answer: the practice of changing
people and organizations for positive growth
◉ Change Management. Answer: encompasses approaches used by
business content and behavioral process specialists that assist leaders in
moving organizations from a present to future state
,◉ Systems Theory. Answer: organizations are viewed as a total system
of interdependent subsystems with individual components that include
people, technology, work, and culture all of which work together to
respond to external environmental changes such as competitors,
customers, or government regulations
◉ Contingency theory. Answer: viewing organizational dimensions
(strategy, structure, people, work, rewards) as parts of a whole that fit
together. When one of these dimensions is out of sync with the others,
issues emerge
◉ Long-Term Approach. Answer: focuses on lasting effects through
changes in cultural norms including interventions and alter attitudes,
behaviors, processes, knowledge, and structures
◉ Top-down approach. Answer: seeks to gain top management
commitment and involvement in order to significantly affect intended
changes. Implemented throughout the organization.
◉ Collaborative approach (pg 12). Answer: involving professionals who
are affected by changes and who support the changes to the organization
◉ Analytical Approach. Answer: examines data, diagnoses present
problems, and motivates change to resolve issues. Accurate diagnostic
skills are a core competency of OD change agents
,◉ Facilitation approach. Answer: uses skilled dialogue and discussion,
listening, feedback when assisting professionals to identify weaknesses
and strengths of the organization: planning for change; managing the
change process; and implementing, coaching, and problem solving
during the change
◉ Design approach. Answer: helps leaders and managers to develop
meaningful work climates where organizational members can
accomplish their goals in a healthy way
◉ What constitutes an internal change? Answer: Changes to an
organizations operating system
◉ A formal subsystem consists of: (8 terms). Answer: leadership,
strategy, management, goals, marketing, operations, technology, and
structure
◉ Type 1 error. Answer: happens when the environment is actually
stable, but the leaders and mangers perceive it as turbulent and proceed
to take unneeded actions to respond
◉ Type 2 error. Answer: happens when leaders and managers perceive
the environment as stable when in actuality it is turbulent and they fail to
take the necessary actions thus threatening the survival of the
organization
, ◉ Developmental change. Answer: involves an improvement of what
already exists
◉ Transitional change. Answer: consists of an implementation to
achieve a known desired state that is different from the existing one. Ex.
Installing a new technology system
◉ Transformational change. Answer: involves the emergence of a new,
unknown state for the organization. Ex. Changing the entire structure
and culture of an organization
◉ Dunphy and Stace's Model four levels of change: Level 1. Answer:
Fine-Tuning- This type of change involves an ongoing process of
matching and fitting an organization's strategy, structure, and processes
with the environment. Ex. Commitment to the organization's mission
and departments
◉ Dunphy and Stace's Model four levels of change: Level 2. Answer:
Incremental Adjustment: Incremental adjustments are predictable
changes that evolve slowly and systematically at a constant rate over
time within the organization to fit the external environment. Ex.
Modifying a mission statement
◉ Dunphy and Stace's Model four levels of change: Level 3. Answer:
Modular transformation: Organizational change is radical in this type of
change but is focused on subparts rather than on the entire organization.
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ Define Management. Answer: the process of working with and
through people to achieve organizational goals
◉ 2 essential pieces in organizations that must be integrated effectively
to lead to high performance. Answer: Management and Leadership
◉ What are the traits of an effective change leader? Answer: They
define themselves as a change leader, embrace risk instead of being
adverse to risk as part of the change process
◉ Organizational Development. Answer: the practice of changing
people and organizations for positive growth
◉ Change Management. Answer: encompasses approaches used by
business content and behavioral process specialists that assist leaders in
moving organizations from a present to future state
,◉ Systems Theory. Answer: organizations are viewed as a total system
of interdependent subsystems with individual components that include
people, technology, work, and culture all of which work together to
respond to external environmental changes such as competitors,
customers, or government regulations
◉ Contingency theory. Answer: viewing organizational dimensions
(strategy, structure, people, work, rewards) as parts of a whole that fit
together. When one of these dimensions is out of sync with the others,
issues emerge
◉ Long-Term Approach. Answer: focuses on lasting effects through
changes in cultural norms including interventions and alter attitudes,
behaviors, processes, knowledge, and structures
◉ Top-down approach. Answer: seeks to gain top management
commitment and involvement in order to significantly affect intended
changes. Implemented throughout the organization.
◉ Collaborative approach (pg 12). Answer: involving professionals who
are affected by changes and who support the changes to the organization
◉ Analytical Approach. Answer: examines data, diagnoses present
problems, and motivates change to resolve issues. Accurate diagnostic
skills are a core competency of OD change agents
,◉ Facilitation approach. Answer: uses skilled dialogue and discussion,
listening, feedback when assisting professionals to identify weaknesses
and strengths of the organization: planning for change; managing the
change process; and implementing, coaching, and problem solving
during the change
◉ Design approach. Answer: helps leaders and managers to develop
meaningful work climates where organizational members can
accomplish their goals in a healthy way
◉ What constitutes an internal change? Answer: Changes to an
organizations operating system
◉ A formal subsystem consists of: (8 terms). Answer: leadership,
strategy, management, goals, marketing, operations, technology, and
structure
◉ Type 1 error. Answer: happens when the environment is actually
stable, but the leaders and mangers perceive it as turbulent and proceed
to take unneeded actions to respond
◉ Type 2 error. Answer: happens when leaders and managers perceive
the environment as stable when in actuality it is turbulent and they fail to
take the necessary actions thus threatening the survival of the
organization
, ◉ Developmental change. Answer: involves an improvement of what
already exists
◉ Transitional change. Answer: consists of an implementation to
achieve a known desired state that is different from the existing one. Ex.
Installing a new technology system
◉ Transformational change. Answer: involves the emergence of a new,
unknown state for the organization. Ex. Changing the entire structure
and culture of an organization
◉ Dunphy and Stace's Model four levels of change: Level 1. Answer:
Fine-Tuning- This type of change involves an ongoing process of
matching and fitting an organization's strategy, structure, and processes
with the environment. Ex. Commitment to the organization's mission
and departments
◉ Dunphy and Stace's Model four levels of change: Level 2. Answer:
Incremental Adjustment: Incremental adjustments are predictable
changes that evolve slowly and systematically at a constant rate over
time within the organization to fit the external environment. Ex.
Modifying a mission statement
◉ Dunphy and Stace's Model four levels of change: Level 3. Answer:
Modular transformation: Organizational change is radical in this type of
change but is focused on subparts rather than on the entire organization.
