BIOD 121 MODULE 5 FINAL PAPER 2026 TESTED
QUESTIONS WITH FULL SOLUTION GRADED
A+
◉ Without the process, the nutrients we initially consume in food
would be useless: Answer: digestion
◉ Before food even enters the mouth, a cascade of events involving
the nervous system and a variety of hormones are set off based on a
variety of stimulus: Answer: cognition, sound, odor, appearance, and
taste
◉ cognition Answer: thoughts about food can start the flow of saliva
◉ sound Answer: hearing a description of the meal
◉ odor Answer: smells stimulate a hunger response and influence
its taste
◉ appearance Answer: seeing the food
,◉ taste Answer: begins as the food enters your mouth and also how
it feels
◉ Once food enters the mouth it begins to break down into smaller
units in both Answer: mechanical and chemical processes
◉ Mechanical process begins Answer: in the mouth with chewing
◉ peristalsis Answer: involuntary muscle contractions are used to
move food mixtures along the tract
◉ Enzymes, acid, bile, and mucus Answer: chemical means the body
has at its disposal to further aid in breaking down food
◉ enzymes Answer: proteins that catalyze (speed up) chemical
reactions. They catalyze the chemical reactions required to break
down food particles into smaller parts, which prepares the nutrients
for absorption
◉ gastrointestinal (GI) tract Answer: a long hollow tube consisting
of several layers of tissue that begins with the mouth and ends at the
anus
, ◉ nutrient absorption occurs across the wall of the Answer:
gastrointestinal (GI) tract
◉ mucosa (intestinal wall) Answer: is the inner-most layer, and it is
made of absorption cells and glands
◉ circular and longitudinal muscles Answer: comprise the outer
layers, both of which function to mix and move food along the GI
tract
◉ Circular bands of muscle Answer: most often found where one
part of the tract connects to another, serving as valves to control the
flow of the food particles
◉ 3 processes the body can use to move nutrients from the GI tract
into the blood/lymph system and eventually into the cells: Answer:
Passive diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, and Active transport
◉ Passive diffusion Answer: substances move easily in and out of
cells without the use of energy. Nutrients move from high to low
concentration.
◉ Facilitated Diffusion Answer: no energy is required, but a special
protein carrier is required to help substances cross in or out of the
cell. Nutrients move from high to low concentration.
QUESTIONS WITH FULL SOLUTION GRADED
A+
◉ Without the process, the nutrients we initially consume in food
would be useless: Answer: digestion
◉ Before food even enters the mouth, a cascade of events involving
the nervous system and a variety of hormones are set off based on a
variety of stimulus: Answer: cognition, sound, odor, appearance, and
taste
◉ cognition Answer: thoughts about food can start the flow of saliva
◉ sound Answer: hearing a description of the meal
◉ odor Answer: smells stimulate a hunger response and influence
its taste
◉ appearance Answer: seeing the food
,◉ taste Answer: begins as the food enters your mouth and also how
it feels
◉ Once food enters the mouth it begins to break down into smaller
units in both Answer: mechanical and chemical processes
◉ Mechanical process begins Answer: in the mouth with chewing
◉ peristalsis Answer: involuntary muscle contractions are used to
move food mixtures along the tract
◉ Enzymes, acid, bile, and mucus Answer: chemical means the body
has at its disposal to further aid in breaking down food
◉ enzymes Answer: proteins that catalyze (speed up) chemical
reactions. They catalyze the chemical reactions required to break
down food particles into smaller parts, which prepares the nutrients
for absorption
◉ gastrointestinal (GI) tract Answer: a long hollow tube consisting
of several layers of tissue that begins with the mouth and ends at the
anus
, ◉ nutrient absorption occurs across the wall of the Answer:
gastrointestinal (GI) tract
◉ mucosa (intestinal wall) Answer: is the inner-most layer, and it is
made of absorption cells and glands
◉ circular and longitudinal muscles Answer: comprise the outer
layers, both of which function to mix and move food along the GI
tract
◉ Circular bands of muscle Answer: most often found where one
part of the tract connects to another, serving as valves to control the
flow of the food particles
◉ 3 processes the body can use to move nutrients from the GI tract
into the blood/lymph system and eventually into the cells: Answer:
Passive diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, and Active transport
◉ Passive diffusion Answer: substances move easily in and out of
cells without the use of energy. Nutrients move from high to low
concentration.
◉ Facilitated Diffusion Answer: no energy is required, but a special
protein carrier is required to help substances cross in or out of the
cell. Nutrients move from high to low concentration.
