BIO1100 COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION
TEST 2026 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Acids: Answer: substances that provide hydrogen ions (H+) and
lower pH.
◉ Bases: Answer: Substances that provide hydroxide ions (OH-) and
raise pH.
◉ Buffers and how they work to maintain homeostasis: Answer:
Readily absorb excess H+ or OH-, keeping the pH of the body
carefully maintained within the proper range.
◉ Understand what functional groups are (look at picture on
phone): Answer: Groups of atoms within a molecule that confer
consistent specific properties to these molecules.
-Each of the four types of macromolecules has its own set
of characteristic functional groups.
, -Functional groups often interact with other functional groups via
hydrogen bonds.
◉ Biological Macromolecules: Answer: Large molecules, necessary
for life, that are built from smaller organic molecules.
◉ Organic Molecules: Answer: Smaller molecules that make up
larger ones, all contain carbon, and may also contain hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen, and some other minor elements.
◉ Monomers: Answer: The individual subunits that macromolecules
consist of, monomers are the building blocks of macromolecules.
◉ Polymers: Answer: Monomers that are linked together by covalent
bonds.
◉ Hydrophilic: Answer: Interacts well with water (water-loving).
◉ Hydrophobic: Answer: Does not interact well with water (water-
fearing).
◉ Denaturation: Answer: Changes in protein structure that leads to
changes in function (protein structure and shape can be changed if
chemical interactions are broken, and the protein unfolds).
TEST 2026 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Acids: Answer: substances that provide hydrogen ions (H+) and
lower pH.
◉ Bases: Answer: Substances that provide hydroxide ions (OH-) and
raise pH.
◉ Buffers and how they work to maintain homeostasis: Answer:
Readily absorb excess H+ or OH-, keeping the pH of the body
carefully maintained within the proper range.
◉ Understand what functional groups are (look at picture on
phone): Answer: Groups of atoms within a molecule that confer
consistent specific properties to these molecules.
-Each of the four types of macromolecules has its own set
of characteristic functional groups.
, -Functional groups often interact with other functional groups via
hydrogen bonds.
◉ Biological Macromolecules: Answer: Large molecules, necessary
for life, that are built from smaller organic molecules.
◉ Organic Molecules: Answer: Smaller molecules that make up
larger ones, all contain carbon, and may also contain hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen, and some other minor elements.
◉ Monomers: Answer: The individual subunits that macromolecules
consist of, monomers are the building blocks of macromolecules.
◉ Polymers: Answer: Monomers that are linked together by covalent
bonds.
◉ Hydrophilic: Answer: Interacts well with water (water-loving).
◉ Hydrophobic: Answer: Does not interact well with water (water-
fearing).
◉ Denaturation: Answer: Changes in protein structure that leads to
changes in function (protein structure and shape can be changed if
chemical interactions are broken, and the protein unfolds).
