NURSING NUR 254 Exam 4 Study Material
(GRADED A) Questions and Answers
3 P's of diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
Abusive Head Trauma - CORRECT ANSWER: Shaken baby
Abusive Head Trauma: Etiology/Diagnostics - CORRECT ANSWER: -Violent shaking usually because
the baby is crying*
-Caused by shearing forces in head. Often no external injuries are present.
Abusive Head Trauma: S/S - CORRECT ANSWER: Apnea, Irritability, lethargy, seizures, not eating
properly
Acne - CORRECT ANSWER: viral skin infection
Acne: etiology - CORRECT ANSWER: -50% of adolescents by end of teenage years.
-Testosterone (smulaon of sebaceous glands)
Acne: S/S - CORRECT ANSWER: break out on the skin
Acne: Tx - CORRECT ANSWER: -healthy lifestyle,
-proper hygiene (washing face and body daily),
-medicaons: Retin-A irritating and can cause redness (wear sunscreen),
-Accutane- Must use multiple forms of birth control,
-anbioc therapy.
ADHA: Treatments and interventions - CORRECT ANSWER: o behavior therapy
o organized charts
o breaks
o medication
o safety for impulsivity -> clear directions, crossing the street
o appropriate classroom placement o needs structured environment
ADHD: Etiology/Diagnostics - CORRECT ANSWER: - inappropriate degrees of inattention,
hyperactivity, and impulsiveness
ADHD: S/S - CORRECT ANSWER: o Distractibility
o difficulty completing task -> Homework, Chores*
o difficulty writing
o manifestations present in 2 setting for longer than 6 months (educational, family environment)
Animal bites: prevention - CORRECT ANSWER: o pets vaccinated, spay or neuter
o don't take pet by surprise
o allow animal to sniff child before petting
o don't tease*
o don't interfere with their feeding or their sleeping**
o don't interfere with ill or injured animals
Animal bites: Treatment - CORRECT ANSWER: o cleansing/treatment of wound (Saline) (lactated
ringers)
o antibiotics (azithromycin)
o rabies, and tetanus vaccine
o wash with mild soap
o elevate extremity
,o Clean Pressure Dressing***
Assessment of child in traction - CORRECT ANSWER: - maintain alignment,
-skin assessment,
-monitor for complicaons of immobility. (pin sites,
-skin (mirror may be used),
-pulses and Neuro checks)
-Neuro changes? Nofy MD
Assessments of fractures: 6 Ps. - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. Pulse
2. pain
3. pallor
4. paresthesia
5. paralysis
6. pressure
Atopic dermatitis - CORRECT ANSWER: eczema:
genetic predispostion
Atopic dermatitis: etiology - CORRECT ANSWER: family history, asthma, food allergies, or allergic
rhinitis
Atopic dermatitis: managment - CORRECT ANSWER: -hydrate skin,
-relieve itching,
-reduce flare-up or inflammaon,
-prevent and control secondary infecon (loose fitting clothing
Atopic dermatitis: S/S - CORRECT ANSWER: Symptoms improve in summer and increase in fall/winter
Atopic dermatitis: Tx - CORRECT ANSWER: -avoid irritants or allergens,
-antihistamines,
-topical steroids,
-immunomodulators,
-mild sedaves,
-anbiocs,
-keep nails short,
-warm bath not hot with soap
Autism spectrum disorder: Etiology/Diagnostics - CORRECT ANSWER: -unknown, several genes have
been suggested.
-Diagnosis: 2 domains, social interaction, behavior and severely restricted likes and dislikes.
Autism spectrum disorder: S/S - CORRECT ANSWER: o failure eye contact, abnormal eye contact
o less interactions socially
o no smile 3 months
o no babbling by 12 months
o no words by 16 months.
o Severely restricted likes and dislikes*
o Verbal/motor delay
o Self-abuse
o Constipation
o Speech can be absent or delayed
Autism spectrum disorder: Treatment & Interventions - CORRECT ANSWER: o highly structure
behavioral modicaons
o posive reinforcement
, o increase social awareness
o decrease smulaon
o teach verbal communicaon skills
o decrease unacceptable behavior
Cardinal Symptoms of cancer - CORRECT ANSWER: o Unusual mass or swelling
o Unexplained paleness and loss of energy
o Sudden tendency to bruise
o Persistent localized pain or limping
o Prolonged unexplained fever or illness
o Frequent headaches often with vomiting
o Sudden eye or vision changes
-Excessive, rapid weight loss
cerebral palsy (CP): Eology/Diagnoscs - CORRECT ANSWER: -permanent disorder affecting motor
movement, communication, cognition, behavior. Impaired motor skills, develops contracture (spasc) (most
common), chorea, diculty with speech and voluntary movement (dyskinec), lack of coordinaon (ataxic),
anoxic brain injury
cerebral palsy (CP): Treatment & Intervenons - CORRECT ANSWER: o interdisciplinary care common
problems (dental, conspaon, chronic UTI's, musculoskeletal issues)
o Baclofen
o Promote opmal development
o Provide educaonal opportunies
o Physical therapy
cerebral palsy (CP):S/S (early red ags) - CORRECT ANSWER: o abnormal muscle tone and coordinaon
o Persistent primive reexes o stiff rigid posture
o arching back
o pushing away
o floppy tone
o unable to sit unsupported
o feeding dicules
o Tongue thrusng and choking
o Conspaon: can't move legs much
o Feeding dicules
Child abuse - CORRECT ANSWER: deliberate infliction of physical injury
Child abuse (important) - CORRECT ANSWER: Talking to the kids about it
Child Abuse: S/S - CORRECT ANSWER: Don't promise not to tell
Avoid leading questions
Red Flags:
o Parents answering for child who can speak
o Injury doesn't match story, changing the story
o Parent and child stories don't match each other
o Inappropriate response from child
o Parent refusing testing/treatment: ASSESS* maybe they can't afford. Rule this out, talk to social work to
see if there's a way, if they refuse, then assess again
o FREQUENT FLYERS***
o Bruising on 4 years or younger: Torso, Ears, Neck (TEN-4 rule)
Child neglect - CORRECT ANSWER: failure to provide basic needs and adequate care.
(GRADED A) Questions and Answers
3 P's of diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
Abusive Head Trauma - CORRECT ANSWER: Shaken baby
Abusive Head Trauma: Etiology/Diagnostics - CORRECT ANSWER: -Violent shaking usually because
the baby is crying*
-Caused by shearing forces in head. Often no external injuries are present.
Abusive Head Trauma: S/S - CORRECT ANSWER: Apnea, Irritability, lethargy, seizures, not eating
properly
Acne - CORRECT ANSWER: viral skin infection
Acne: etiology - CORRECT ANSWER: -50% of adolescents by end of teenage years.
-Testosterone (smulaon of sebaceous glands)
Acne: S/S - CORRECT ANSWER: break out on the skin
Acne: Tx - CORRECT ANSWER: -healthy lifestyle,
-proper hygiene (washing face and body daily),
-medicaons: Retin-A irritating and can cause redness (wear sunscreen),
-Accutane- Must use multiple forms of birth control,
-anbioc therapy.
ADHA: Treatments and interventions - CORRECT ANSWER: o behavior therapy
o organized charts
o breaks
o medication
o safety for impulsivity -> clear directions, crossing the street
o appropriate classroom placement o needs structured environment
ADHD: Etiology/Diagnostics - CORRECT ANSWER: - inappropriate degrees of inattention,
hyperactivity, and impulsiveness
ADHD: S/S - CORRECT ANSWER: o Distractibility
o difficulty completing task -> Homework, Chores*
o difficulty writing
o manifestations present in 2 setting for longer than 6 months (educational, family environment)
Animal bites: prevention - CORRECT ANSWER: o pets vaccinated, spay or neuter
o don't take pet by surprise
o allow animal to sniff child before petting
o don't tease*
o don't interfere with their feeding or their sleeping**
o don't interfere with ill or injured animals
Animal bites: Treatment - CORRECT ANSWER: o cleansing/treatment of wound (Saline) (lactated
ringers)
o antibiotics (azithromycin)
o rabies, and tetanus vaccine
o wash with mild soap
o elevate extremity
,o Clean Pressure Dressing***
Assessment of child in traction - CORRECT ANSWER: - maintain alignment,
-skin assessment,
-monitor for complicaons of immobility. (pin sites,
-skin (mirror may be used),
-pulses and Neuro checks)
-Neuro changes? Nofy MD
Assessments of fractures: 6 Ps. - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. Pulse
2. pain
3. pallor
4. paresthesia
5. paralysis
6. pressure
Atopic dermatitis - CORRECT ANSWER: eczema:
genetic predispostion
Atopic dermatitis: etiology - CORRECT ANSWER: family history, asthma, food allergies, or allergic
rhinitis
Atopic dermatitis: managment - CORRECT ANSWER: -hydrate skin,
-relieve itching,
-reduce flare-up or inflammaon,
-prevent and control secondary infecon (loose fitting clothing
Atopic dermatitis: S/S - CORRECT ANSWER: Symptoms improve in summer and increase in fall/winter
Atopic dermatitis: Tx - CORRECT ANSWER: -avoid irritants or allergens,
-antihistamines,
-topical steroids,
-immunomodulators,
-mild sedaves,
-anbiocs,
-keep nails short,
-warm bath not hot with soap
Autism spectrum disorder: Etiology/Diagnostics - CORRECT ANSWER: -unknown, several genes have
been suggested.
-Diagnosis: 2 domains, social interaction, behavior and severely restricted likes and dislikes.
Autism spectrum disorder: S/S - CORRECT ANSWER: o failure eye contact, abnormal eye contact
o less interactions socially
o no smile 3 months
o no babbling by 12 months
o no words by 16 months.
o Severely restricted likes and dislikes*
o Verbal/motor delay
o Self-abuse
o Constipation
o Speech can be absent or delayed
Autism spectrum disorder: Treatment & Interventions - CORRECT ANSWER: o highly structure
behavioral modicaons
o posive reinforcement
, o increase social awareness
o decrease smulaon
o teach verbal communicaon skills
o decrease unacceptable behavior
Cardinal Symptoms of cancer - CORRECT ANSWER: o Unusual mass or swelling
o Unexplained paleness and loss of energy
o Sudden tendency to bruise
o Persistent localized pain or limping
o Prolonged unexplained fever or illness
o Frequent headaches often with vomiting
o Sudden eye or vision changes
-Excessive, rapid weight loss
cerebral palsy (CP): Eology/Diagnoscs - CORRECT ANSWER: -permanent disorder affecting motor
movement, communication, cognition, behavior. Impaired motor skills, develops contracture (spasc) (most
common), chorea, diculty with speech and voluntary movement (dyskinec), lack of coordinaon (ataxic),
anoxic brain injury
cerebral palsy (CP): Treatment & Intervenons - CORRECT ANSWER: o interdisciplinary care common
problems (dental, conspaon, chronic UTI's, musculoskeletal issues)
o Baclofen
o Promote opmal development
o Provide educaonal opportunies
o Physical therapy
cerebral palsy (CP):S/S (early red ags) - CORRECT ANSWER: o abnormal muscle tone and coordinaon
o Persistent primive reexes o stiff rigid posture
o arching back
o pushing away
o floppy tone
o unable to sit unsupported
o feeding dicules
o Tongue thrusng and choking
o Conspaon: can't move legs much
o Feeding dicules
Child abuse - CORRECT ANSWER: deliberate infliction of physical injury
Child abuse (important) - CORRECT ANSWER: Talking to the kids about it
Child Abuse: S/S - CORRECT ANSWER: Don't promise not to tell
Avoid leading questions
Red Flags:
o Parents answering for child who can speak
o Injury doesn't match story, changing the story
o Parent and child stories don't match each other
o Inappropriate response from child
o Parent refusing testing/treatment: ASSESS* maybe they can't afford. Rule this out, talk to social work to
see if there's a way, if they refuse, then assess again
o FREQUENT FLYERS***
o Bruising on 4 years or younger: Torso, Ears, Neck (TEN-4 rule)
Child neglect - CORRECT ANSWER: failure to provide basic needs and adequate care.
