Counseling Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods, 2nd Edition — by Carl Sheperis — Instructor’s Resource Manual and Test Bank — Package Deal (Ch. 1-18)

Instructor’s Resource Manual and Test
Bank
Counseling Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods,
2nd edition
by Carl Sheperis, J. Young
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, TABLE OF CONTENT

PART 1: An Introduction to Research in Counseling
1.Contemporary Issues in Counseling Research
2.Ethical Consideration in the Practice of Research
3.Reviewing the Literature
4.Methodological Issues
5.Basic Statistical Concepts and Descriptive Statistics
PART 2: Quantitative Research Designs
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6.Experimental Designs
7.Predictive Designs
8.Single-Case Research Designs
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PART 3: Qualitative Research Designs and Program Evaluation
9.Case Study Research
10.Grounded Theory Methodology
11.Phenomenological Designs: The Philosophy of Phenomenological Research
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12.Narrative Research: Interpreting Lived Experience
PART 4: Survey, Mixed Designs, and Action Research
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13.An Overview of Survey Research
14.Mixed Methods Design
15.Action Research
PART 5: Data Analyses and Presentation of Findings
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16.Program Evaluation
17.Data Management and Data Analysis Software
18.Developing a Research Report
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Chapter 1: Contemporary Issues in Counseling Research

Overview of chapter

Counselors are paying increasing attention to the efficacy of their practice as evidenced by counseling
research. The shift in focus is largely the result of managed care and third-party reimbursement provisions. This
introductory chapter covers the role of counseling research in effective service provision, the Scientist-Practitioner
model, and Empirically Supported Treatments. This chapter also serves as an introduction to the fundamentals of
research including the roles, benefits, and challenges of research; an understanding of the scientist-practitioner
model; an overview of basic types of research; and the formulation of research questions, hypotheses, and
methodology.
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Key words

Scientist Practitioner (SP) model – integration of research and therapy

Scientist practitioner – researchers who use data-based interventions that have been proven to be effective through
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research

Empirically Supported Treatments (EST) – treatments that have been found to have important effects on specific
problems

Representativeness – sampling concept that indicates the sample provides researchers access to the data needed and
can provide the same results as studying an entire population
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Validity - the extent to which the results of a measurement or procedure actually serve the purpose for which it is
intended

Reliability - the extent to which the results of a measurement or procedure actually serve the purpose for which it is
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intended

Research question - a statement of the problem and its significance

Random sampling - every person in the population has an equal and independent opportunity to participate in the
research

Systemic sampling - method which involves choosing every 5th person on a list of potential participants
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Stratified random sampling - method which ensures that identified subgroups are represented in the sample; each
subgroup is sampled equally

Cluster sampling - a successive series of random samples used when the overall population under consideration is
too large for simple random sampling methods

Convenience sampling - made up of the members of the larger population that are most accessible to the researcher;
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gathered based on non-random methods; also known as opportunity samples

Scientist-practitioner - uses research as the basis for reflective practice and to generate ongoing rigor in clinical
skills


Chapter Outline

I. Scientist practitioner
a. Managed care – limited number of sessions to provide services


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b. Role of evidenced based treatment
c. Treatment of all cases a formal research projects
d. SP model views counselors as having three roles
i. Producers of new data
ii. Consumers of research
iii. Evaluators of effective therapy
e. Relationship of SP model to basic counseling skills
f. Data Based Problem Solver Model as extension of SP model

II. World of Counseling Research
a. Research on theory and effective models
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i. Outcome more attributable to common factors than for a particular theory
ii. Role of Empirically Supported Treatments (EST)
b. Research on counselors
i. Key elements affecting client outcome - counselor’s level of skill, cognitive complexity, ability to
relate to clients
c. Journals as primary sources of counseling research
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I. What is Research? Why Conduct Research?
a. Research defined
b. How research informs the counseling profession
c. The role of the scientist-practitioner in counseling
d. How research ideas are developed
e. Basic research components
i. Research questions
ii. Hypotheses
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iii. Variable
iv. Research design
1. quantitative
2. qualitative
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v. methods of empirical inquiry
1. experiments
a. independent variable
b. dependent variable
2. descriptive research
3. relational or correlational research
II. Importance of sampling and Generalizability
a. Defining and sampling a population
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i. Target population
ii. Sample population
iii. Representativeness in sampling
b. Validity
c. Reliability
d. Determining area of interest
e. Research problems
f. Research questions
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g. Hypotheses
III. Sampling procedures
a. Random sampling
i. Systemic sampling
ii. Use of random number generator
b. Stratified random sampling
c. Cluster sampling
d. Convenience or opportunity sampling
e. Role of size in sampling
i. Best and Kahn (2006) considerations


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