SCHOOL LAW WGU D017 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔sexual harassment - ✔✔comments, gestures, or physical contacts of a sexual
nature that are deliberate, repeated, and unwelcome
✔✔Liberty Interest - ✔✔An interest guaranteeing a number of individual freedoms,
including the right to personal autonomy, bodily integrity, self- dignity and self-
determination.
✔✔Pickering v. Board of Education - ✔✔Teacher First Amendment Rights- Dismissal of
a teacher for public statements regarding issues of public importance without showing
that the statements are recklessly false violate the 1st amendment.
✔✔Connick v. Myers - ✔✔It introduced the test of whether the employee's speech had
been on matters of public concern to the balancing of employer and employee interest
prescribed in the earlier case. Speech may be of public concerned but not completely
protected under the First Amendment of the Constitution. The government has
discretion and control over management of personnel. That promote disruptive acts.
This was not of public concern but an employee expressing disagreement.
✔✔Garcetti v. Ceballos - ✔✔the Supreme Court held that speech by a public official is
only protected if it is engaged in as a private citizen, not if it is expressed as part of the
official's public duties; 1st Amendment (Right to Freedom of Speech, etc.).
✔✔Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 - ✔✔forbids discrimination in all areas of the
employment relationship
✔✔Race and National Origin - ✔✔Subject to strict scrutiny - must be shown to be
necessary to the accomplishment of some legitimate state objective, independent of the
social discrimination
If the law is not discriminatory on its face but is instead discriminatory in its application,
challenger has the burden of proving a discriminatory purpose (legislation was intended
to work to the disadvantage of a particular racial group)
✔✔Affirmative Action - ✔✔A policy designed to redress past discrimination against
women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and
educational opportunities
✔✔FMLA (Family and Medical Leave Act) - ✔✔Federal law requiring organizations with
50 or more employees to provide up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave after childbirth or
adoption; to care for a seriously ill family member or for an employee's own serious
illness; or to take care of urgent needs that arise when a spouse, child, or parent in the
National Guard or Reserve is called to active duty
, ✔✔collective bargaining - ✔✔Process by which a union representing a group of workers
negotiates with management for a contract
✔✔Sectio 504 of Rehabilitation Act - ✔✔applied to children ages 3-21
✔✔Paul D. Coverdell Teacher Protection Act - ✔✔provides protection for teachers who
are 1. acting within the scope of their employment/responsibilities and 2. attempting to
control, discipline, expel, or suspend a student or maintain order of control in the
classroom or school
✔✔ Due Process - ✔✔No evidence may be admitted when it is obtained through illegal
methods
✔✔Morse v. Frederick - 2007 - ✔✔School officials can prohibit students from displaying
messages that promote illegal drug use
✔✔Chandler - ✔✔Particularized suspicion is required before government can intrude on
an Individuals right of privacy
✔✔Plessy v. Ferguson - ✔✔1896 ruling that separate but equal facilities for different
races were not unconstitutional.
✔✔Brown v. Board of Education - ✔✔1954 case that overturned Separate but Equal
standard of discrimination in education.
✔✔Brown II, 1995 - ✔✔Outcome was to mandate to desegregate schools with all
deliberate speed
✔✔Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) - ✔✔Symbolic speech or students have freedom of
speech as long as it is not a disruption
✔✔Bethel School District v. Fraser - ✔✔Schools may punish students for using vulgar
language during a school assembly.
✔✔Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier - ✔✔1988 SuCo: Censorship of school
newspapers is constitutional.
✔✔New Jersey v. TLO - 1980 - ✔✔students may be searched without a warrant if there
is "reasonable ground" for doing so.
✔✔Lemon v. Kurtzman - 1971 - ✔✔Three tests are described for deciding whether the
government is improperly involved with religion
2026/2027 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔sexual harassment - ✔✔comments, gestures, or physical contacts of a sexual
nature that are deliberate, repeated, and unwelcome
✔✔Liberty Interest - ✔✔An interest guaranteeing a number of individual freedoms,
including the right to personal autonomy, bodily integrity, self- dignity and self-
determination.
✔✔Pickering v. Board of Education - ✔✔Teacher First Amendment Rights- Dismissal of
a teacher for public statements regarding issues of public importance without showing
that the statements are recklessly false violate the 1st amendment.
✔✔Connick v. Myers - ✔✔It introduced the test of whether the employee's speech had
been on matters of public concern to the balancing of employer and employee interest
prescribed in the earlier case. Speech may be of public concerned but not completely
protected under the First Amendment of the Constitution. The government has
discretion and control over management of personnel. That promote disruptive acts.
This was not of public concern but an employee expressing disagreement.
✔✔Garcetti v. Ceballos - ✔✔the Supreme Court held that speech by a public official is
only protected if it is engaged in as a private citizen, not if it is expressed as part of the
official's public duties; 1st Amendment (Right to Freedom of Speech, etc.).
✔✔Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 - ✔✔forbids discrimination in all areas of the
employment relationship
✔✔Race and National Origin - ✔✔Subject to strict scrutiny - must be shown to be
necessary to the accomplishment of some legitimate state objective, independent of the
social discrimination
If the law is not discriminatory on its face but is instead discriminatory in its application,
challenger has the burden of proving a discriminatory purpose (legislation was intended
to work to the disadvantage of a particular racial group)
✔✔Affirmative Action - ✔✔A policy designed to redress past discrimination against
women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and
educational opportunities
✔✔FMLA (Family and Medical Leave Act) - ✔✔Federal law requiring organizations with
50 or more employees to provide up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave after childbirth or
adoption; to care for a seriously ill family member or for an employee's own serious
illness; or to take care of urgent needs that arise when a spouse, child, or parent in the
National Guard or Reserve is called to active duty
, ✔✔collective bargaining - ✔✔Process by which a union representing a group of workers
negotiates with management for a contract
✔✔Sectio 504 of Rehabilitation Act - ✔✔applied to children ages 3-21
✔✔Paul D. Coverdell Teacher Protection Act - ✔✔provides protection for teachers who
are 1. acting within the scope of their employment/responsibilities and 2. attempting to
control, discipline, expel, or suspend a student or maintain order of control in the
classroom or school
✔✔ Due Process - ✔✔No evidence may be admitted when it is obtained through illegal
methods
✔✔Morse v. Frederick - 2007 - ✔✔School officials can prohibit students from displaying
messages that promote illegal drug use
✔✔Chandler - ✔✔Particularized suspicion is required before government can intrude on
an Individuals right of privacy
✔✔Plessy v. Ferguson - ✔✔1896 ruling that separate but equal facilities for different
races were not unconstitutional.
✔✔Brown v. Board of Education - ✔✔1954 case that overturned Separate but Equal
standard of discrimination in education.
✔✔Brown II, 1995 - ✔✔Outcome was to mandate to desegregate schools with all
deliberate speed
✔✔Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) - ✔✔Symbolic speech or students have freedom of
speech as long as it is not a disruption
✔✔Bethel School District v. Fraser - ✔✔Schools may punish students for using vulgar
language during a school assembly.
✔✔Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier - ✔✔1988 SuCo: Censorship of school
newspapers is constitutional.
✔✔New Jersey v. TLO - 1980 - ✔✔students may be searched without a warrant if there
is "reasonable ground" for doing so.
✔✔Lemon v. Kurtzman - 1971 - ✔✔Three tests are described for deciding whether the
government is improperly involved with religion
