BIOL 3130 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
template strand - ANSWER the "bottom" strand of dsDNA. complementary to the
non template strand. read by RNA pol. AKA the anti/noncoding strand or the
antisense strand
noncoding strand - ANSWER the template strand. The "bottom" strand
non template strand - ANSWER the "top" strand of dsDNA. complementay to the
template strand . contains sequence of transcript (with excpetion of U's
replacing T's in mRNA). aka the coding strand or the sense strand
coding strand - ANSWER the non template strand. The "top" strand
alpha phosphate - ANSWER incorporated into growing nucelic acid strand. the
beta and gamma phosphates are disposed as pyrophosphate
transcription initation - ANSWER binding of RNA pol to promoter, melting of DNA
and formation of initiating nucleotides
the initating nucleotide in transcription is often a - ANSWER purine (A or G)
transcription elongation - ANSWER RNA pol moves along DNA (5' to 3' direction
in reference to non template strand) and copies the template strand. DNA
melting is limited to where RNA pol binds and transient (reforms after RNA pol
leaves)
major difference between elongation steps in transcription and replication -
ANSWER In transcription DNA melting is limited to where RNA pol binds and
transient (reforms after RNA pol leaves)
in replication the strands melt completely
transcription termination - ANSWER signalled by temrinators
terminators - ANSWER regions at the end of genes which stop transcription and
lossen RNA -DNA association
ribosome in prokaryotes - ANSWER 70S
the 70S ribosome is composed of - ANSWER 30S and 50S subunits
,the ribosomal subsunts contain - ANSWER rRNA and protein componenets
sedimentation coefficent - ANSWER example 70S. definied by the speed of
sedimenetation in a solution spun in a ultracentrifuge
Crick's proposal regarding translation - ANSWER there must be an adater
molecule present which can bridge the gap between nucelic acid and protein
tRNA - ANSWER the adaptor molecule involved in translation as proposed by
Crick. Contains an acceptor stem on one end to transfer amino acids and bild
polypeptide chains opon and a RNA anticodon loop at the other end to bind
mRNAs
the enzyme which activates tRNAs - ANSWER aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
how are tRNA's activated - ANSWER aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases attach amino
acids to the acceptor stem
the start codon - ANSWER AUG when at the start of a open reading frame
ordering of sites in ribosome - ANSWER E, P, A
aminoacyl t-RNA which binds to the start codon in eukaryotes - ANSWER
methionyl-tRNA
aminoacyl t-RNA which binds to the start codon in prokayotes - ANSWER n-
formylmethionyl-tRNA
where does fMet-tRNA bind (there are 3 parts to this "address") - ANSWER to
the AUG codon in the P site of the ribosome in prokayotic cells
where do incoming aminoacyl-tRNAs bind - ANSWER to the next codon in the
open reading frame at the A site.
Shine Dalgarno sequence - ANSWER seqeunce on mRNA upstream of initating
AUG. attracts ribosomoes. unique to prokayotes
what serves the function of the shine dalgarno sequence in eukaryotes? -
ANSWER the 5' methyl G cap. it is recognized b eIF4E and attracts ribosomes to
the start codon
*eIF4E* - ANSWER *protein which binds to 5' cap in mRNAs and recruits
ribosomes*
binding of incomping aminoacyl-tRNAs to the ____ site requires _____ - ANSWER
A, EF-Tu
, EF-Tu - ANSWER a GTPase which uses enegery from GTP to transfer incoming
aminoacyl-tRNAs to the A site
transfer of the first amino acid (______ or ______) or the growing polypeptide
chain from the ____ site onto the new amino acid in the ____ site requires the
enzyme ______ - ANSWER fmet, met, P, A, petidyl transferase
exit of the inactive tRNA into the ____ site and translocation of the ribosome
along the mRNA resulting in moving the growing polypepetide into the ____ site
requires the action of ______ - ANSWER E, P, EF-G
EF-G - ANSWER a GTPase which uses energy from GTP in ribosome
translocation during translation
translocation step in translation - ANSWER the ribosome moving down a codon.
the polypepetide chain DOES NOT move from the A site into the P site, only the
ribosome moves
release factors - ANSWER proteins which recognize stop codons causing
translation termination and release of the polypepetide
open reading frame - ANSWER starts wuth initation codon and ends with
termination codon. usually the largest ORF on a mRNA is used
the region between the transcription start site and the start codon in mRNAs is
called the - ANSWER 5' untranslated region or leader
the region between the stop codon and the transcription stop site in mRNAs is
called the - ANSWER 3' untranslated region or trailer
3 steps to the polymerase chain reaction - ANSWER denaturation, annealing and
extension
denaturation temperture in PCR - ANSWER 94-98 degrees celcius
annealing temperture in PCR - ANSWER determined by the Tm of the DNA being
ampified. can be 52-70 degrees celcius
extension temperture in PCR - ANSWER 68-72 degrees celcius
RT-PCR - ANSWER reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction. mRNA is
converted to ssDNA and then dsDNA by forward primers
qPCR - ANSWER quanatative PCR. uses a number of methods including use of
taqman probe
CORRECT ANSWERS
template strand - ANSWER the "bottom" strand of dsDNA. complementary to the
non template strand. read by RNA pol. AKA the anti/noncoding strand or the
antisense strand
noncoding strand - ANSWER the template strand. The "bottom" strand
non template strand - ANSWER the "top" strand of dsDNA. complementay to the
template strand . contains sequence of transcript (with excpetion of U's
replacing T's in mRNA). aka the coding strand or the sense strand
coding strand - ANSWER the non template strand. The "top" strand
alpha phosphate - ANSWER incorporated into growing nucelic acid strand. the
beta and gamma phosphates are disposed as pyrophosphate
transcription initation - ANSWER binding of RNA pol to promoter, melting of DNA
and formation of initiating nucleotides
the initating nucleotide in transcription is often a - ANSWER purine (A or G)
transcription elongation - ANSWER RNA pol moves along DNA (5' to 3' direction
in reference to non template strand) and copies the template strand. DNA
melting is limited to where RNA pol binds and transient (reforms after RNA pol
leaves)
major difference between elongation steps in transcription and replication -
ANSWER In transcription DNA melting is limited to where RNA pol binds and
transient (reforms after RNA pol leaves)
in replication the strands melt completely
transcription termination - ANSWER signalled by temrinators
terminators - ANSWER regions at the end of genes which stop transcription and
lossen RNA -DNA association
ribosome in prokaryotes - ANSWER 70S
the 70S ribosome is composed of - ANSWER 30S and 50S subunits
,the ribosomal subsunts contain - ANSWER rRNA and protein componenets
sedimentation coefficent - ANSWER example 70S. definied by the speed of
sedimenetation in a solution spun in a ultracentrifuge
Crick's proposal regarding translation - ANSWER there must be an adater
molecule present which can bridge the gap between nucelic acid and protein
tRNA - ANSWER the adaptor molecule involved in translation as proposed by
Crick. Contains an acceptor stem on one end to transfer amino acids and bild
polypeptide chains opon and a RNA anticodon loop at the other end to bind
mRNAs
the enzyme which activates tRNAs - ANSWER aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
how are tRNA's activated - ANSWER aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases attach amino
acids to the acceptor stem
the start codon - ANSWER AUG when at the start of a open reading frame
ordering of sites in ribosome - ANSWER E, P, A
aminoacyl t-RNA which binds to the start codon in eukaryotes - ANSWER
methionyl-tRNA
aminoacyl t-RNA which binds to the start codon in prokayotes - ANSWER n-
formylmethionyl-tRNA
where does fMet-tRNA bind (there are 3 parts to this "address") - ANSWER to
the AUG codon in the P site of the ribosome in prokayotic cells
where do incoming aminoacyl-tRNAs bind - ANSWER to the next codon in the
open reading frame at the A site.
Shine Dalgarno sequence - ANSWER seqeunce on mRNA upstream of initating
AUG. attracts ribosomoes. unique to prokayotes
what serves the function of the shine dalgarno sequence in eukaryotes? -
ANSWER the 5' methyl G cap. it is recognized b eIF4E and attracts ribosomes to
the start codon
*eIF4E* - ANSWER *protein which binds to 5' cap in mRNAs and recruits
ribosomes*
binding of incomping aminoacyl-tRNAs to the ____ site requires _____ - ANSWER
A, EF-Tu
, EF-Tu - ANSWER a GTPase which uses enegery from GTP to transfer incoming
aminoacyl-tRNAs to the A site
transfer of the first amino acid (______ or ______) or the growing polypeptide
chain from the ____ site onto the new amino acid in the ____ site requires the
enzyme ______ - ANSWER fmet, met, P, A, petidyl transferase
exit of the inactive tRNA into the ____ site and translocation of the ribosome
along the mRNA resulting in moving the growing polypepetide into the ____ site
requires the action of ______ - ANSWER E, P, EF-G
EF-G - ANSWER a GTPase which uses energy from GTP in ribosome
translocation during translation
translocation step in translation - ANSWER the ribosome moving down a codon.
the polypepetide chain DOES NOT move from the A site into the P site, only the
ribosome moves
release factors - ANSWER proteins which recognize stop codons causing
translation termination and release of the polypepetide
open reading frame - ANSWER starts wuth initation codon and ends with
termination codon. usually the largest ORF on a mRNA is used
the region between the transcription start site and the start codon in mRNAs is
called the - ANSWER 5' untranslated region or leader
the region between the stop codon and the transcription stop site in mRNAs is
called the - ANSWER 3' untranslated region or trailer
3 steps to the polymerase chain reaction - ANSWER denaturation, annealing and
extension
denaturation temperture in PCR - ANSWER 94-98 degrees celcius
annealing temperture in PCR - ANSWER determined by the Tm of the DNA being
ampified. can be 52-70 degrees celcius
extension temperture in PCR - ANSWER 68-72 degrees celcius
RT-PCR - ANSWER reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction. mRNA is
converted to ssDNA and then dsDNA by forward primers
qPCR - ANSWER quanatative PCR. uses a number of methods including use of
taqman probe
