Chem 103 (module 3) QueSTIoNS ANd CoRReCT deTAIled
ANSWeRS (VeRIFIed ANSWeRS) |AlReAdY GRAded
A+||BRANd NeW
Core Electrons (stay at home Netflix) - ANSWeR--Electrons in filled shells
-Have limited influence on atomic properties
-Generally unaltered in chemical reactions
Valence Electrons (Free spirit) - ANSWeR--Electron in shell with largest N
-Determine how an atom interacts with other atoms
-Gained/Lost/Shared
-Dictate how atoms react with other atoms
electron configuration - ANSWeR-whole sequence (1s2,2s2, etc.)
Core electron example (Ne) - ANSWeR-1s2, 2s2, 2p6
Valence Electron example (S) - ANSWeR-[Ne] 3s2, 3p4
General Principle: - ANSWeR-Neutral atom (s or p block) will gain or lose enough electrons to become
isoelectronic with nearest noble gas
Isoelectronic: - ANSWeR-identical electron count, configuration
Metals: - ANSWeR-lose valence electron(s)
Non-Metals: - ANSWeR-gain valence electron(s)
, d-block metals: - ANSWeR-form stable cations with different charges that are difficult to predict
P3(-) = 18e(-) : 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6 - ANSWeR-write complete electron configuration of phosphorus
and the phosphide ion
Ba[Xe]: 6s2
Ba2(+) : [Xe] - ANSWeR-write condensed electron configuration of barium and the barium ion
Pt[Xe] : 6s2, 4f14, 5d8
Pt4(+) : [Xe] 4f11, 5d6 - ANSWeR-write condensed electron configuration of platinum and the platinum (IV)
ion
Controlling factor: - ANSWeR-trends in effective nuclear charge (Z eff)
Attractive Force: - ANSWeR-Valence electrons with experience greater attractions to the nucleus as (Z eff)
increases
o=shielding constant: - ANSWeR-"insulation" from nuclear charge provided by core e-
equation for Z (eff) - ANSWeR-Z(eff) ~ Z - number of core electrons
General trends in Z (eff) - ANSWeR-- Z (eff) is constant moving down a group
- Z (eff) increases moving Left to Right across a period
Z (eff) example.... K - ANSWeR-Z=19
[1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6] 4s
19-18= +1 <- answer
a physical property: - ANSWeR-atomic radius
atomic radius ______ moving L to R across period - ANSWeR-decreases
ANSWeRS (VeRIFIed ANSWeRS) |AlReAdY GRAded
A+||BRANd NeW
Core Electrons (stay at home Netflix) - ANSWeR--Electrons in filled shells
-Have limited influence on atomic properties
-Generally unaltered in chemical reactions
Valence Electrons (Free spirit) - ANSWeR--Electron in shell with largest N
-Determine how an atom interacts with other atoms
-Gained/Lost/Shared
-Dictate how atoms react with other atoms
electron configuration - ANSWeR-whole sequence (1s2,2s2, etc.)
Core electron example (Ne) - ANSWeR-1s2, 2s2, 2p6
Valence Electron example (S) - ANSWeR-[Ne] 3s2, 3p4
General Principle: - ANSWeR-Neutral atom (s or p block) will gain or lose enough electrons to become
isoelectronic with nearest noble gas
Isoelectronic: - ANSWeR-identical electron count, configuration
Metals: - ANSWeR-lose valence electron(s)
Non-Metals: - ANSWeR-gain valence electron(s)
, d-block metals: - ANSWeR-form stable cations with different charges that are difficult to predict
P3(-) = 18e(-) : 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6 - ANSWeR-write complete electron configuration of phosphorus
and the phosphide ion
Ba[Xe]: 6s2
Ba2(+) : [Xe] - ANSWeR-write condensed electron configuration of barium and the barium ion
Pt[Xe] : 6s2, 4f14, 5d8
Pt4(+) : [Xe] 4f11, 5d6 - ANSWeR-write condensed electron configuration of platinum and the platinum (IV)
ion
Controlling factor: - ANSWeR-trends in effective nuclear charge (Z eff)
Attractive Force: - ANSWeR-Valence electrons with experience greater attractions to the nucleus as (Z eff)
increases
o=shielding constant: - ANSWeR-"insulation" from nuclear charge provided by core e-
equation for Z (eff) - ANSWeR-Z(eff) ~ Z - number of core electrons
General trends in Z (eff) - ANSWeR-- Z (eff) is constant moving down a group
- Z (eff) increases moving Left to Right across a period
Z (eff) example.... K - ANSWeR-Z=19
[1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6] 4s
19-18= +1 <- answer
a physical property: - ANSWeR-atomic radius
atomic radius ______ moving L to R across period - ANSWeR-decreases
