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NU131 Nursing and Healthcare I Exam 2
2026/2027 Actual Exam - Complete Questions
with Detailed Rationales | 100% Verified Graded
A+ Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
Section 1: Nursing Fundamentals & Professionalism
A nursing student is researching the history of the nursing profession. Which historical figure is
credited with establishing the first formal nursing training school and emphasizing
environmental hygiene during the Crimean War?
A. Clara Barton
B. Dorothea Dix
C. Florence Nightingale
D. Lillian Wald
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is known as the founder of modern nursing. She established the
first formal nursing training school at St. Thomas' Hospital in London and dramatically reduced
death rates during the Crimean War by improving sanitation, ventilation, and hygiene. Clara
Barton founded the American Red Cross, and Dorothea Dix was an advocate for the mentally ill.
Correct Answer: C
A nurse is reviewing the core competencies outlined by the Quality and Safety Education for
Nurses (QSEN) initiative. Which competency focuses on minimizing the risk of harm to patients
through both individual performance and system effectiveness?
A. Patient-centered care
B. Teamwork and collaboration
C. Evidence-based practice
D. Safety
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The QSEN competency of Safety specifically focuses on minimizing the risk of harm
to patients through both individual performance and system effectiveness. Patient-centered care
,2
focuses on recognizing the patient as a partner, teamwork on functioning effectively within
teams, and evidence-based practice on integrating best current evidence with clinical expertise.
Correct Answer: D
A newly licensed nurse is unsure if a specific task, such as inserting a central venous catheter,
falls within their scope of practice. Which of the following resources should the nurse consult to
clarify this boundary?
A. The American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics
B. The state's Nurse Practice Act
C. The facility's policies and procedures manual
D. The National League for Nursing (NLN) guidelines
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The state's Nurse Practice Act defines the legal scope of practice for nurses within that
state, outlining what tasks nurses are legally permitted to perform. While facility policies dictate
what a specific hospital allows, the Nurse Practice Act provides the legal boundary. The ANA
Code of Ethics guides ethical behavior, not legal scope.
Correct Answer: B
A nursing instructor is teaching students about evidence-based practice (EBP). Which of the
following best describes the integration of EBP into nursing care?
A. Relying solely on the physician's orders and traditional care methods.
B. Combining the best current research with clinical expertise and patient preferences.
C. Using personal intuition and past experiences to determine patient care.
D. Implementing care based only on randomized controlled trials.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Evidence-based practice is the conscientious integration of the best available evidence
from research, combined with the nurse's clinical expertise and the patient's values and
preferences. Relying solely on tradition, intuition, or only one type of research study does not
accurately represent the holistic approach of EBP.
Correct Answer: B
A nurse has been working 12-hour shifts for three consecutive days and feels physically
exhausted and emotionally detached from patients. Which of the following concepts is the nurse
experiencing?
,3
A. Incivility
B. Burnout
C. A boundary crossing
D. Resilience
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Burnout is a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion caused by excessive
and prolonged stress, often related to workplace demands like long shifts. It leads to feelings of
detachment and decreased effectiveness. Resilience is the ability to bounce back from stress, and
incivility relates to rude or disruptive behavior.
Correct Answer: B
A nurse receives a friend request on a social media platform from a patient who was discharged
last week. Which of the following actions is the most appropriate to maintain professional
boundaries?
A. Accept the request but restrict the patient from seeing personal photos.
B. Decline the request and explain to the patient that it violates professional boundaries.
C. Accept the request to monitor the patient's mental health status post-discharge.
D. Ignore the request and block the patient from all social media platforms.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nurses must maintain professional boundaries with patients, which extends into the
digital environment. Accepting a friend request blurs the professional relationship and violates
privacy. The best action is to politely decline and explain the professional boundary. Ignoring or
blocking without explanation can damage the therapeutic relationship, but accepting is never
appropriate.
Correct Answer: B
According to the American Nurses Association (ANA), which of the following is considered a
standard of professional performance rather than a standard of care?
A. Assessment
B. Planning
C. Ethics
D. Implementation
, 4
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ANA Standards of Professional Performance describe competent level of
behavior in the professional role, including ethics, education, evidence-based practice, quality of
practice, communication, leadership, collaboration, and resource utilization. Assessment,
planning, and implementation are Standards of Practice, which describe the nursing process.
Correct Answer: C
A nursing student is developing a plan for self-care to manage the stress of nursing school.
Which of the following strategies is most effective for long-term stress management?
A. Working through lunch breaks to finish assignments early.
B. Skipping exercise to ensure adequate time for studying.
C. Engaging in regular physical activity and maintaining adequate sleep hygiene.
D. Relying on caffeine and energy drinks to stay awake for late-night studying.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Self-care requires intentional strategies to maintain physical and mental well-being.
Regular physical activity and adequate sleep are foundational to stress management and
cognitive function. Working through breaks, skipping exercise, and relying on stimulants
increase physical stress and eventually decrease academic and clinical performance.
Correct Answer: C
A nurse is caring for a patient from a different cultural background. The nurse states, "I treat all
my patients exactly the same, regardless of where they come from." Which of the following is
the most accurate evaluation of this statement?
A. This is appropriate because equality ensures no patient is discriminated against.
B. This is inappropriate because it fails to recognize and respect individual cultural differences.
C. This is appropriate because the nursing process applies universally to all humans.
D. This is inappropriate because the nurse should only treat patients from their own cultural
background.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: While all patients deserve equal respect and high-quality care, stating that you treat
everyone "exactly the same" ignores the need for cultural humility and individualized care.
Patients have unique cultural values, beliefs, and practices that must be assessed and integrated
into the care plan to provide truly patient-centered care.
NU131 Nursing and Healthcare I Exam 2
2026/2027 Actual Exam - Complete Questions
with Detailed Rationales | 100% Verified Graded
A+ Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
Section 1: Nursing Fundamentals & Professionalism
A nursing student is researching the history of the nursing profession. Which historical figure is
credited with establishing the first formal nursing training school and emphasizing
environmental hygiene during the Crimean War?
A. Clara Barton
B. Dorothea Dix
C. Florence Nightingale
D. Lillian Wald
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is known as the founder of modern nursing. She established the
first formal nursing training school at St. Thomas' Hospital in London and dramatically reduced
death rates during the Crimean War by improving sanitation, ventilation, and hygiene. Clara
Barton founded the American Red Cross, and Dorothea Dix was an advocate for the mentally ill.
Correct Answer: C
A nurse is reviewing the core competencies outlined by the Quality and Safety Education for
Nurses (QSEN) initiative. Which competency focuses on minimizing the risk of harm to patients
through both individual performance and system effectiveness?
A. Patient-centered care
B. Teamwork and collaboration
C. Evidence-based practice
D. Safety
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The QSEN competency of Safety specifically focuses on minimizing the risk of harm
to patients through both individual performance and system effectiveness. Patient-centered care
,2
focuses on recognizing the patient as a partner, teamwork on functioning effectively within
teams, and evidence-based practice on integrating best current evidence with clinical expertise.
Correct Answer: D
A newly licensed nurse is unsure if a specific task, such as inserting a central venous catheter,
falls within their scope of practice. Which of the following resources should the nurse consult to
clarify this boundary?
A. The American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics
B. The state's Nurse Practice Act
C. The facility's policies and procedures manual
D. The National League for Nursing (NLN) guidelines
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The state's Nurse Practice Act defines the legal scope of practice for nurses within that
state, outlining what tasks nurses are legally permitted to perform. While facility policies dictate
what a specific hospital allows, the Nurse Practice Act provides the legal boundary. The ANA
Code of Ethics guides ethical behavior, not legal scope.
Correct Answer: B
A nursing instructor is teaching students about evidence-based practice (EBP). Which of the
following best describes the integration of EBP into nursing care?
A. Relying solely on the physician's orders and traditional care methods.
B. Combining the best current research with clinical expertise and patient preferences.
C. Using personal intuition and past experiences to determine patient care.
D. Implementing care based only on randomized controlled trials.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Evidence-based practice is the conscientious integration of the best available evidence
from research, combined with the nurse's clinical expertise and the patient's values and
preferences. Relying solely on tradition, intuition, or only one type of research study does not
accurately represent the holistic approach of EBP.
Correct Answer: B
A nurse has been working 12-hour shifts for three consecutive days and feels physically
exhausted and emotionally detached from patients. Which of the following concepts is the nurse
experiencing?
,3
A. Incivility
B. Burnout
C. A boundary crossing
D. Resilience
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Burnout is a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion caused by excessive
and prolonged stress, often related to workplace demands like long shifts. It leads to feelings of
detachment and decreased effectiveness. Resilience is the ability to bounce back from stress, and
incivility relates to rude or disruptive behavior.
Correct Answer: B
A nurse receives a friend request on a social media platform from a patient who was discharged
last week. Which of the following actions is the most appropriate to maintain professional
boundaries?
A. Accept the request but restrict the patient from seeing personal photos.
B. Decline the request and explain to the patient that it violates professional boundaries.
C. Accept the request to monitor the patient's mental health status post-discharge.
D. Ignore the request and block the patient from all social media platforms.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nurses must maintain professional boundaries with patients, which extends into the
digital environment. Accepting a friend request blurs the professional relationship and violates
privacy. The best action is to politely decline and explain the professional boundary. Ignoring or
blocking without explanation can damage the therapeutic relationship, but accepting is never
appropriate.
Correct Answer: B
According to the American Nurses Association (ANA), which of the following is considered a
standard of professional performance rather than a standard of care?
A. Assessment
B. Planning
C. Ethics
D. Implementation
, 4
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ANA Standards of Professional Performance describe competent level of
behavior in the professional role, including ethics, education, evidence-based practice, quality of
practice, communication, leadership, collaboration, and resource utilization. Assessment,
planning, and implementation are Standards of Practice, which describe the nursing process.
Correct Answer: C
A nursing student is developing a plan for self-care to manage the stress of nursing school.
Which of the following strategies is most effective for long-term stress management?
A. Working through lunch breaks to finish assignments early.
B. Skipping exercise to ensure adequate time for studying.
C. Engaging in regular physical activity and maintaining adequate sleep hygiene.
D. Relying on caffeine and energy drinks to stay awake for late-night studying.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Self-care requires intentional strategies to maintain physical and mental well-being.
Regular physical activity and adequate sleep are foundational to stress management and
cognitive function. Working through breaks, skipping exercise, and relying on stimulants
increase physical stress and eventually decrease academic and clinical performance.
Correct Answer: C
A nurse is caring for a patient from a different cultural background. The nurse states, "I treat all
my patients exactly the same, regardless of where they come from." Which of the following is
the most accurate evaluation of this statement?
A. This is appropriate because equality ensures no patient is discriminated against.
B. This is inappropriate because it fails to recognize and respect individual cultural differences.
C. This is appropriate because the nursing process applies universally to all humans.
D. This is inappropriate because the nurse should only treat patients from their own cultural
background.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: While all patients deserve equal respect and high-quality care, stating that you treat
everyone "exactly the same" ignores the need for cultural humility and individualized care.
Patients have unique cultural values, beliefs, and practices that must be assessed and integrated
into the care plan to provide truly patient-centered care.
