CALT Exam Study Guide Study
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2026 | A+ GRADED
100% VERIFIED
• phonetics . Answer: the study of speech sounds in spoken language
• phonological awareness . Answer: the ability to focus on units of sound
in spoken language at the sentence, word, syllable and phoneme levels
• phonemic awareness . Answer: awareness of speech sounds or
phonemes in spoken words
• phonics . Answer: instruction that connects sounds and letters
• synthetic phonics . Answer: explicitly teaches individual grapheme-
phoneme correspondences before they are blended to form syllables or
whole words
• alphabetic principle . Answer: the understanding that spoken sounds
are represented in print by written letters
• consonant . Answer: blocked / voiced or unvoiced sounds - a class of
speech sounds with air flow that is constricted or obstructed
• vowel . Answer: open and voiced sounds - a class of open speech
sounds produced by the passage of air through an open vocal tract
• phonology . Answer: the rules that determine how sounds are used in
spoken language
• fluency . Answer: reading with rapidity and automaticity
• prosody . Answer: the rhythmic flow of oral reading
,• pragmatics . Answer: set of rules that dictate communicative behavior
and use of language, rules we communicate by
• syntax . Answer: sentence structure, grammar, usage
• semantics . Answer: content of language, used to express knowledge of
the world around us - meaning
• phoneme . Answer: smallest unit of sound in a syllable
• spelling . Answer: sound to symbol / phoneme to grapheme, connect
grapheme to phoneme
• orthography . Answer: the spelling of written language
• orthographic memory . Answer: memory of letter patterns and word
spellings
• metalinguistics . Answer: awareness of language as an entity
• guided discovery . Answer: a method of leading students to new
learning through questioning
• Heuristic . Answer: means to discover by demonstration
• grapheme . Answer: a letter or letter cluster that represents a single
speech sound
• decoding . Answer: word recognition in which the phonetic code is
broken down to determine a word
• blending . Answer: fusing individual sounds, syllables or words into
meaningful units
, • reading . Answer: symbol to sound / grapheme to phoneme
• morpheme . Answer: the smallest meaningful unit of language - a
suffix, prefix, root or stem such as awe, dis, in, inter, or word part such
as cat, man. etc.
Knowledge of word meaning, rapid word recognition, and spelling
ability greatly depend on knowledge of word structure at the level of
morphemes.
• morphology . Answer: the study of word formation patterns,
meaningful units that make words
• fricative . Answer: a sound produced by forcing air through a narrow
opening between the teeth or lips / f / / sh / / z /
• nasal sound . Answer: a sound produced by forcing air out through th
nose / n / / m /
• continuant sound . Answer: a sound prolonged in its production / m / /
s//f/
• stop consonant sound . Answer: a sound obstructed / they must be
clipped off / b / / d /
• aspiration . Answer: puff of air
• Norman Invasion . Answer: 1066 A.D., had a great effect on English
language, William the Conqueror, French spoken by upper class brought
words like furniture, painter, tailor, beef, pork, mutton, Brought monks
who added w and u, also the dot for the i and tail for the j. Alphabet
complete at 26 letters
• Number words one to a thousand . Answer: Anglo-Saxon
• Most of the basic color words . Answer: Anglo-Saxon
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2026 | A+ GRADED
100% VERIFIED
• phonetics . Answer: the study of speech sounds in spoken language
• phonological awareness . Answer: the ability to focus on units of sound
in spoken language at the sentence, word, syllable and phoneme levels
• phonemic awareness . Answer: awareness of speech sounds or
phonemes in spoken words
• phonics . Answer: instruction that connects sounds and letters
• synthetic phonics . Answer: explicitly teaches individual grapheme-
phoneme correspondences before they are blended to form syllables or
whole words
• alphabetic principle . Answer: the understanding that spoken sounds
are represented in print by written letters
• consonant . Answer: blocked / voiced or unvoiced sounds - a class of
speech sounds with air flow that is constricted or obstructed
• vowel . Answer: open and voiced sounds - a class of open speech
sounds produced by the passage of air through an open vocal tract
• phonology . Answer: the rules that determine how sounds are used in
spoken language
• fluency . Answer: reading with rapidity and automaticity
• prosody . Answer: the rhythmic flow of oral reading
,• pragmatics . Answer: set of rules that dictate communicative behavior
and use of language, rules we communicate by
• syntax . Answer: sentence structure, grammar, usage
• semantics . Answer: content of language, used to express knowledge of
the world around us - meaning
• phoneme . Answer: smallest unit of sound in a syllable
• spelling . Answer: sound to symbol / phoneme to grapheme, connect
grapheme to phoneme
• orthography . Answer: the spelling of written language
• orthographic memory . Answer: memory of letter patterns and word
spellings
• metalinguistics . Answer: awareness of language as an entity
• guided discovery . Answer: a method of leading students to new
learning through questioning
• Heuristic . Answer: means to discover by demonstration
• grapheme . Answer: a letter or letter cluster that represents a single
speech sound
• decoding . Answer: word recognition in which the phonetic code is
broken down to determine a word
• blending . Answer: fusing individual sounds, syllables or words into
meaningful units
, • reading . Answer: symbol to sound / grapheme to phoneme
• morpheme . Answer: the smallest meaningful unit of language - a
suffix, prefix, root or stem such as awe, dis, in, inter, or word part such
as cat, man. etc.
Knowledge of word meaning, rapid word recognition, and spelling
ability greatly depend on knowledge of word structure at the level of
morphemes.
• morphology . Answer: the study of word formation patterns,
meaningful units that make words
• fricative . Answer: a sound produced by forcing air through a narrow
opening between the teeth or lips / f / / sh / / z /
• nasal sound . Answer: a sound produced by forcing air out through th
nose / n / / m /
• continuant sound . Answer: a sound prolonged in its production / m / /
s//f/
• stop consonant sound . Answer: a sound obstructed / they must be
clipped off / b / / d /
• aspiration . Answer: puff of air
• Norman Invasion . Answer: 1066 A.D., had a great effect on English
language, William the Conqueror, French spoken by upper class brought
words like furniture, painter, tailor, beef, pork, mutton, Brought monks
who added w and u, also the dot for the i and tail for the j. Alphabet
complete at 26 letters
• Number words one to a thousand . Answer: Anglo-Saxon
• Most of the basic color words . Answer: Anglo-Saxon
