GLY1102 Study Terms X100 | Actual Questions &
Verified Answers | 100% Correct | A Grade – 2026
According to radiometric dating techniques, the earth is about 4.6 billion years old, or 4.6
using standard geologic time abbreviations.
Ga
At plate boundaries where continental crust and ocean crust are running into each other, the
oceanic crust will be subducted beneath the continental crust because oceanic crust is than
continental crust.
thinner but more dense
A "Depositional environment" is best described as
the ancient environment that existed at the time loose sediment was deposited.
A dinosaur is defined by all these traits, except for:
scales (instead of fur or feathers)
A phlyogeny is a:
family tree of evolutionarily related taxa
According the Darwinian Evolution, evolution by natural selection is described as:
survival of the fittest, where the "fittest" means those able to produce the most offspring.
According the the principle of priority, the giant long-necked dinosaur pictured below should
be called a:
apatosaurus
Ammonites are:
extinct squid relatives with chambered shells.
An impression left behind by an organism being pressed into soft sediment is called a mold.
When minerals fill that void, the resulting fossil is called a ___________ fossil.
cast
,As sediment is carried down river, the grains being transported:
become progressively smaller as they are ground down
Before flowering plants, the plants of the early Mesozoic were mostly:
ferns, cycads and ginkoes
Biostratigraphy is the process of using "index fossils" to determine the age of a rock unit. An
ideal index fossil comes from organisms that had:
a broad geographic distribution, but a short time from appearance to extinction in the fossil
record.
Birds evolved after dinosaurs became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous.
False.
Carbonization is a type of fossilization that:
creates a 2D film of residue where an organic object used to be.
Dinosaur fossils are commonly found in sedimentary rocks with sediment that indicates the
environment had___________ at the time the dinosaur was buried.
a river flowing through it.
Dinosaurs have an _______ posture while other members of the reptile family have a _______
posture.
upright / sprawling
Dinosaurs produced offspring through:
hard shelled eggs
Dragonflies are a commonly used insect in paleo-art of dinosaurs because they give us a
familiar reference point to convey a sense of scale. This is problematic because:
dragonflies in the Cretaceous were much larger than they are today.
During the Early Cretaceous, __________ were the dominant reef building invertebrates.
rudist clams
Early in the Mesozoic, landmass was concentrated in a large supercontinent called:
Pangea
,Epicontinental Seas are:
shallow oceans on continental crust
Examine the cladogram below. If these letters represented different taxa, which of the letter is
most closely related to taxa A?
B
Examine the cladogram below. Which letters are the most closely related:
D and E
Examine the image below. Which letter is most closely related to A?
B
Fossilization typically involves which of the following processes?
burial and some form of mineralization
Fossils are almost always found in which type of rock?
Sedimentary
Fossils are most commonly preserved in areas that had _________ at the time of the
organisms' death.
high rates of sedimentation, like a river
Fossils provide an excellent means of studying micro-evolution; tiny changes in the genetic
makeup of a species over time.
False. Because the fossils record rarely preserves any soft tissues and is very incomplete, fossils
can't be used to study micro-evolution.
Geologic evidence from Antarctica and other places indicate that the climate of the late
Cretaceous was _________
very warm world-wide
If a dinosaur fossil were found in a sandstone with coarse and poorly sorted grains that
included the mineral feldspar, what type of environment likely existed at that location at the
time that dinosaur was alive?
a desert
, If you read in a scientific article that the end of the last Ice Age was about 12 Kya, how many
years ago is that?
12,000
In radioactive materials, a half-life is important to calculating the age of the material. If a
sample has undergone 2 half-lives, from it's original state, how much of the original parent
material is left?
25%
In science, a hypothesis is best described as:
An idea or question about a process or phenomenon that is used to frame a scientific research.
In science, the term "Theory" is used to describe:
An idea with significant evidence to support it's validity that it is deemed a valid way to explain
a process or phenomenon.
In the image below, the fault marked "H" is (older/younger) than the rock unit marked "E"
younger
In the middle Jurassic, the much of the western part of North America was:
covered with vast inland sea
In the Taphonomy lecture, the focus is on a place in Canada called Dinosaurs Provincial Park.
It is a great place to find fossils, but why isn't it a good place for new fossils to form?
the modern environment is dry and barren, sot here is little sediment that could bury
something that died.
Large plesiosaurs like Elasmosaurus could use their long necks to reach prey in the air or on
land without exiting the water.
False.
Most of the petroleum oil we used today is made of ______ from the Cretaceous and Jurassic
Periods.
deposits of microscopic marine plankton.
New oceanic crust is added at boundaries, and old crust is subducted and recycled at
boundaries.
divergent, convergent
Verified Answers | 100% Correct | A Grade – 2026
According to radiometric dating techniques, the earth is about 4.6 billion years old, or 4.6
using standard geologic time abbreviations.
Ga
At plate boundaries where continental crust and ocean crust are running into each other, the
oceanic crust will be subducted beneath the continental crust because oceanic crust is than
continental crust.
thinner but more dense
A "Depositional environment" is best described as
the ancient environment that existed at the time loose sediment was deposited.
A dinosaur is defined by all these traits, except for:
scales (instead of fur or feathers)
A phlyogeny is a:
family tree of evolutionarily related taxa
According the Darwinian Evolution, evolution by natural selection is described as:
survival of the fittest, where the "fittest" means those able to produce the most offspring.
According the the principle of priority, the giant long-necked dinosaur pictured below should
be called a:
apatosaurus
Ammonites are:
extinct squid relatives with chambered shells.
An impression left behind by an organism being pressed into soft sediment is called a mold.
When minerals fill that void, the resulting fossil is called a ___________ fossil.
cast
,As sediment is carried down river, the grains being transported:
become progressively smaller as they are ground down
Before flowering plants, the plants of the early Mesozoic were mostly:
ferns, cycads and ginkoes
Biostratigraphy is the process of using "index fossils" to determine the age of a rock unit. An
ideal index fossil comes from organisms that had:
a broad geographic distribution, but a short time from appearance to extinction in the fossil
record.
Birds evolved after dinosaurs became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous.
False.
Carbonization is a type of fossilization that:
creates a 2D film of residue where an organic object used to be.
Dinosaur fossils are commonly found in sedimentary rocks with sediment that indicates the
environment had___________ at the time the dinosaur was buried.
a river flowing through it.
Dinosaurs have an _______ posture while other members of the reptile family have a _______
posture.
upright / sprawling
Dinosaurs produced offspring through:
hard shelled eggs
Dragonflies are a commonly used insect in paleo-art of dinosaurs because they give us a
familiar reference point to convey a sense of scale. This is problematic because:
dragonflies in the Cretaceous were much larger than they are today.
During the Early Cretaceous, __________ were the dominant reef building invertebrates.
rudist clams
Early in the Mesozoic, landmass was concentrated in a large supercontinent called:
Pangea
,Epicontinental Seas are:
shallow oceans on continental crust
Examine the cladogram below. If these letters represented different taxa, which of the letter is
most closely related to taxa A?
B
Examine the cladogram below. Which letters are the most closely related:
D and E
Examine the image below. Which letter is most closely related to A?
B
Fossilization typically involves which of the following processes?
burial and some form of mineralization
Fossils are almost always found in which type of rock?
Sedimentary
Fossils are most commonly preserved in areas that had _________ at the time of the
organisms' death.
high rates of sedimentation, like a river
Fossils provide an excellent means of studying micro-evolution; tiny changes in the genetic
makeup of a species over time.
False. Because the fossils record rarely preserves any soft tissues and is very incomplete, fossils
can't be used to study micro-evolution.
Geologic evidence from Antarctica and other places indicate that the climate of the late
Cretaceous was _________
very warm world-wide
If a dinosaur fossil were found in a sandstone with coarse and poorly sorted grains that
included the mineral feldspar, what type of environment likely existed at that location at the
time that dinosaur was alive?
a desert
, If you read in a scientific article that the end of the last Ice Age was about 12 Kya, how many
years ago is that?
12,000
In radioactive materials, a half-life is important to calculating the age of the material. If a
sample has undergone 2 half-lives, from it's original state, how much of the original parent
material is left?
25%
In science, a hypothesis is best described as:
An idea or question about a process or phenomenon that is used to frame a scientific research.
In science, the term "Theory" is used to describe:
An idea with significant evidence to support it's validity that it is deemed a valid way to explain
a process or phenomenon.
In the image below, the fault marked "H" is (older/younger) than the rock unit marked "E"
younger
In the middle Jurassic, the much of the western part of North America was:
covered with vast inland sea
In the Taphonomy lecture, the focus is on a place in Canada called Dinosaurs Provincial Park.
It is a great place to find fossils, but why isn't it a good place for new fossils to form?
the modern environment is dry and barren, sot here is little sediment that could bury
something that died.
Large plesiosaurs like Elasmosaurus could use their long necks to reach prey in the air or on
land without exiting the water.
False.
Most of the petroleum oil we used today is made of ______ from the Cretaceous and Jurassic
Periods.
deposits of microscopic marine plankton.
New oceanic crust is added at boundaries, and old crust is subducted and recycled at
boundaries.
divergent, convergent
