PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
RESEARCH, ASSESSMENT & TREATMENT IN CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY BY GRAHAM DAVEY
Table of Contents
Part I: General Concepts, Processes and Procedures ...................................................................... 2
Psychopathology: Concepts and Classification ......................................................................................... 2
Clinical Assessment ................................................................................................................................. 11
Research Methods in Clinical Psychology ............................................................................................... 21
Treating Psychopathology....................................................................................................................... 30
Part II: Adult Mental Health ........................................................................................................... 39
Anxiety-Based Problems ......................................................................................................................... 39
Depression and Mood Disorders ............................................................................................................ 50
Experiencing Psychosis: Schizophrenia and its Symptoms ..................................................................... 59
Substance Abuse and Dependency ......................................................................................................... 69
Eating Disorders ...................................................................................................................................... 79
Sexual and Gender Identity Problems .................................................................................................... 89
Personality Disorders .............................................................................................................................. 99
Somatoform Disorders .......................................................................................................................... 109
Dissociative Experiences ....................................................................................................................... 119
Neurological Disorders.......................................................................................................................... 129
Part III: Developmental Psychopathology .................................................................................... 139
Childhood Psychological Problems ....................................................................................................... 139
Learning, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities ......................................................................... 150
, Part I: General Concepts, Processes and Procedures
Psychopathology: Concepts and Classification
Q) One of the concepts of the humanistic-existential approach is:
a) Rationalism.
b) Transference.
c) Deviation from the statistical norm.
d) Unconditional positive regard.
Correct! Unconditional Positive Regard: Valuing a client for who they are without judging them.
Q) An example of classical conditioning is:
a) Rat presses lever for delivery of food.
b) Dog learns to salivate on hearing bell.
c) Pigeon pecks at key for food delivery.
d) Dogs learn helplessness from electric shocks.
Correct! Classical Conditioning: The learning of an association between two stimuli, the first of which
(the conditioned stimulus, CS) predicts the occurrence of the second (the unconditioned stimulus, UCS).
Q) Operant conditioning:
a) Represents learning using autobiographical memory.
b) Represents learning of specific behaviour through reward and reinforcement.
c) Represents learning through pairing of stimulus and response.
d) Represents learning through using repetitive stimuli.
Correct! Operant Conditioning: The learning of a specific behaviour or response because that behaviour
has certain rewarding or punishing consequences.
Q) Which one of the following would a client centred therapist use?
, a) Empathy.
b) Desensitisation.
c) Racket system.
d) Ego states.
Correct! Client-Centred Therapy: An approach to psychopathology stressing the goodness of human
nature, assuming that if individuals are unrestricted by fears and conflicts, they will develop into well-
adjusted, happy individuals.
Q) The somatogenic hypothesis advocated that causes of psychological disorders were found in:
a) Analysis of dreams.
b) Physical or biological impairments.
c) Traumatic life events.
d) Family dynamics
Correct! Somatogenic Hypothesis: The hypothesis that the causes or explanations of psychological
problems can be found in physical or biological impairments
Q) According to the psychoanalytic approach, an attempt to integrate values learned from parents and
society is called?
a) The Id.
b) Sublimation.
c) The Oral stage.
d) The Superego.
Correct! Superego: In psychoanalysis, a development from both the id and ego, and represents our
attempts to integrate 'values' that we learn from our parents or society.
Q) Which of the following of Freud's ideas is still important to psychopathology today?
a) Those thoughts are the basis for behaviour.
, b) Behaviour is learned from experience.
c) Psychopathology has origins in early experience rather than being a manifestation of
biological dysfunction.
d) Dream analysis.
Correct! Sigmund Freud: An Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist who founded the psychoanalytic
school of psychology.
11) Which of the following is not a treatment developed from classical conditioning principles?
a) Flooding.
b) Token economies.
c) Systematic desensitisation.
d) Aversion therapies.
Correct! Token Economy: A reward system which involves participants receiving tokens for engaging in
certain behaviours which at a later time, these tokens can then be exchanged for a variety of reinforcing
or desired items.
12) Which of the following is not an axis I disorder?
a) Schizotypical personality disorder.
b) Anxiety disorders.
c) Bipolar disorder.
d) Schizophrenia.
Correct! Schizotypal Personality Disorder: A personality disorder which is characterised by 'eccentric'
behaviour marked by odd patterns of thinking and communication.
13) Which of the following is NOT a way of defining psychopathology?
a) Deviation from the statistical norm.
b) Distress and impairment.
RESEARCH, ASSESSMENT & TREATMENT IN CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY BY GRAHAM DAVEY
Table of Contents
Part I: General Concepts, Processes and Procedures ...................................................................... 2
Psychopathology: Concepts and Classification ......................................................................................... 2
Clinical Assessment ................................................................................................................................. 11
Research Methods in Clinical Psychology ............................................................................................... 21
Treating Psychopathology....................................................................................................................... 30
Part II: Adult Mental Health ........................................................................................................... 39
Anxiety-Based Problems ......................................................................................................................... 39
Depression and Mood Disorders ............................................................................................................ 50
Experiencing Psychosis: Schizophrenia and its Symptoms ..................................................................... 59
Substance Abuse and Dependency ......................................................................................................... 69
Eating Disorders ...................................................................................................................................... 79
Sexual and Gender Identity Problems .................................................................................................... 89
Personality Disorders .............................................................................................................................. 99
Somatoform Disorders .......................................................................................................................... 109
Dissociative Experiences ....................................................................................................................... 119
Neurological Disorders.......................................................................................................................... 129
Part III: Developmental Psychopathology .................................................................................... 139
Childhood Psychological Problems ....................................................................................................... 139
Learning, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities ......................................................................... 150
, Part I: General Concepts, Processes and Procedures
Psychopathology: Concepts and Classification
Q) One of the concepts of the humanistic-existential approach is:
a) Rationalism.
b) Transference.
c) Deviation from the statistical norm.
d) Unconditional positive regard.
Correct! Unconditional Positive Regard: Valuing a client for who they are without judging them.
Q) An example of classical conditioning is:
a) Rat presses lever for delivery of food.
b) Dog learns to salivate on hearing bell.
c) Pigeon pecks at key for food delivery.
d) Dogs learn helplessness from electric shocks.
Correct! Classical Conditioning: The learning of an association between two stimuli, the first of which
(the conditioned stimulus, CS) predicts the occurrence of the second (the unconditioned stimulus, UCS).
Q) Operant conditioning:
a) Represents learning using autobiographical memory.
b) Represents learning of specific behaviour through reward and reinforcement.
c) Represents learning through pairing of stimulus and response.
d) Represents learning through using repetitive stimuli.
Correct! Operant Conditioning: The learning of a specific behaviour or response because that behaviour
has certain rewarding or punishing consequences.
Q) Which one of the following would a client centred therapist use?
, a) Empathy.
b) Desensitisation.
c) Racket system.
d) Ego states.
Correct! Client-Centred Therapy: An approach to psychopathology stressing the goodness of human
nature, assuming that if individuals are unrestricted by fears and conflicts, they will develop into well-
adjusted, happy individuals.
Q) The somatogenic hypothesis advocated that causes of psychological disorders were found in:
a) Analysis of dreams.
b) Physical or biological impairments.
c) Traumatic life events.
d) Family dynamics
Correct! Somatogenic Hypothesis: The hypothesis that the causes or explanations of psychological
problems can be found in physical or biological impairments
Q) According to the psychoanalytic approach, an attempt to integrate values learned from parents and
society is called?
a) The Id.
b) Sublimation.
c) The Oral stage.
d) The Superego.
Correct! Superego: In psychoanalysis, a development from both the id and ego, and represents our
attempts to integrate 'values' that we learn from our parents or society.
Q) Which of the following of Freud's ideas is still important to psychopathology today?
a) Those thoughts are the basis for behaviour.
, b) Behaviour is learned from experience.
c) Psychopathology has origins in early experience rather than being a manifestation of
biological dysfunction.
d) Dream analysis.
Correct! Sigmund Freud: An Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist who founded the psychoanalytic
school of psychology.
11) Which of the following is not a treatment developed from classical conditioning principles?
a) Flooding.
b) Token economies.
c) Systematic desensitisation.
d) Aversion therapies.
Correct! Token Economy: A reward system which involves participants receiving tokens for engaging in
certain behaviours which at a later time, these tokens can then be exchanged for a variety of reinforcing
or desired items.
12) Which of the following is not an axis I disorder?
a) Schizotypical personality disorder.
b) Anxiety disorders.
c) Bipolar disorder.
d) Schizophrenia.
Correct! Schizotypal Personality Disorder: A personality disorder which is characterised by 'eccentric'
behaviour marked by odd patterns of thinking and communication.
13) Which of the following is NOT a way of defining psychopathology?
a) Deviation from the statistical norm.
b) Distress and impairment.
